A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who accidentally doubled their last dose of diazepam.
After assessing the client, which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
Disulfiram.
Flumazenil.
Naloxone.
Dantrolene.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Disulfiram is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. It works by blocking the metabolism of ethanol, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde, which produces unpleasant physical reactions when alcohol is consumed. It has no pharmacological effect on benzodiazepine overdose.
Choice B rationale
Flumazenil is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that rapidly reverses the sedative and other central nervous system effects of benzodiazepine overdose. It acts by binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor complex, thereby displacing benzodiazepines and restoring normal neurological function.
Choice C rationale
Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist primarily used to reverse opioid overdose. It competitively binds to opioid receptors, particularly mu receptors, thereby blocking the effects of opioid agonists and reversing respiratory depression and other opioid-induced central nervous system depression. It does not affect benzodiazepines.
Choice D rationale
Dantrolene is a direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant primarily used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and spasticity. It works by interfering with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells, reducing muscle contraction. It has no role in reversing benzodiazepine overdose.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Ocular erythema, or redness of the eye, is not a typical adverse effect associated with spironolactone. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that primarily acts on the renal tubules to inhibit aldosterone, affecting electrolyte balance and fluid excretion, not directly impacting ocular tissues or causing inflammatory responses in the eye.
Choice B rationale
Diarrhea is not a common or expected adverse effect of spironolactone. While gastrointestinal disturbances can occur with many medications, spironolactone is more commonly associated with effects related to its diuretic and anti-androgenic properties, such as electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia) or endocrine-related symptoms, rather than increased bowel motility.
Choice C rationale
Muscle weakness can occur as an adverse effect of spironolactone, particularly due to its potential to cause hyperkalemia. Spironolactone's mechanism of action involves conserving potassium, and elevated serum potassium levels (normal range 3.5-5.0 mEq/L) can impair the excitability of muscle cells, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and in severe cases, cardiac dysrhythmias.
Choice D rationale
Depression is not a recognized or common adverse effect of spironolactone. Spironolactone's primary pharmacological actions are on the kidney and endocrine system, and it is not known to directly affect neurotransmitter systems in the brain in a way that would commonly induce depressive symptoms. Psychotropic effects are not typically associated with this medication.
Correct Answer is ["200"]
Explanation
Step 1 is to determine the total volume to be infused, which is 100 mL.
Step 2 is to determine the infusion time in hours. The infusion time is 30 min, which is 0.5 hours.
Step 3 is to calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr by dividing the total volume by the infusion time in hours: 100 mL ÷ 0.5 hr = 200 mL/hr. The nurse should set the IV infusion pump to deliver 200 mL/hr.
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