A nurse is adhering to standard precautions while caring for a group of clients. For which of the following tasks should the nurse wear protective eye equipment? (Select all that apply.)

Emptying a urinary drainage bag for a client who has pneumonia

Suctioning a client's new tracheostomy tube

Irrigating a client's abdominal wound

Providing hygiene care to a client who is HiV-positive

Transporting a cerebrospinal fluid specimen to the Laboratory

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

A) Emptying a urinary drainage bag for a client who has pneumonia:
Wearing protective eye equipment is not necessary for emptying a urinary drainage bag. Standard precautions for handling bodily fluids would apply, but there is no expected risk for splashes to the eyes when performing this task. Gloves and hand hygiene are essential, but eye protection is not typically required.

B) Suctioning a client's new tracheostomy tube:
When suctioning a client's tracheostomy tube, there is a significant risk of splashing or spraying bodily fluids, including mucus, that may contain infectious particles. Wearing protective eye equipment is necessary to prevent potential contamination of the eyes from bodily fluids during this procedure. This is a high-risk task for exposure.

C) Irrigating a client's abdominal wound:
Irrigating an abdominal wound carries a risk of splashing bodily fluids, particularly when fluids are under pressure or if the wound is large. To avoid exposure to infectious material, the nurse should wear protective eye equipment to prevent any risk of fluids coming into contact with the eyes.

D) Providing hygiene care to a client who is HIV-positive:
Providing hygiene care to a client who is HIV-positive does not pose a significant risk to the nurse’s eyes, as HIV is transmitted through blood and certain body fluids under specific conditions. While gloves and other precautions are necessary, protective eye equipment is not required for standard hygiene care unless there is a specific risk of splashing.

E) Transporting a cerebrospinal fluid specimen to the laboratory:
When transporting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the primary concern is ensuring the specimen is properly contained to prevent leaks or spills. While gloves should be worn to handle the specimen, there is no direct risk of exposure to the eyes unless there is a spill. In such a case, the nurse would need to protect their eyes, but wearing protective eyewear during transport is not routinely required.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles: These exercises are examples of isometric exercises, not isotonic exercises. Isometric exercises involve muscle contraction without movement of the body part, helping to maintain muscle strength and endurance.

B) Swimming, jogging, and bicycling: These are examples of isotonic exercises, where the muscles contract and change length, leading to movement of body parts. Isotonic exercises improve muscle strength, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness. These activities involve repetitive movements that help in improving overall muscle tone and joint flexibility.

C) Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts: This describes isometric exercises, not isotonic. Isometric exercises involve static muscle contraction, such as holding a position, without any movement of the joints or limbs. These exercises are effective for strengthening specific muscles.

D) Push-ups, hip lifting, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed: While push-ups and hip lifting are isotonic exercises, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed is an example of an isometric exercise, as it involves muscle contraction without movement of the body part. Therefore, this option contains both isometric and isotonic exercises.

A. Droplet B. Contact C. Airborne D. Protective environment

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Droplet: Droplet precautions are used for infections that spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. While measles is transmitted through respiratory droplets, the virus is highly contagious and requires airborne precautions, not just droplet precautions.

B) Contact: Contact precautions are used for infections spread through direct contact with the patient or their environment, such as gastrointestinal or skin infections. Measles is primarily spread through the air and is not classified as a contact transmission infection.

C) Airborne: Measles is an airborne illness, which means that it can be transmitted through small respiratory droplets that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time. Airborne precautions are necessary to protect healthcare workers and other patients from exposure. These precautions include placing the child in a negative pressure room and requiring healthcare workers to wear N95 respirators.

D) Protective environment: Protective environment precautions are used for patients with severely weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation. These precautions are designed to protect the patient from infections, not to prevent the spread of contagious illnesses like measles.

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