The nurse is preparing a smoking cessation class for family members of patients with lung cancer. The nurse believes that the class will convert many smokers to nonsmokers once they realize the benefits of not smoking, Which health care model is the nurse following?

A) A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV: While this nurse may interact with clients who have HIV, collecting urine samples does not typically pose a significant risk for HIV transmission. HIV is not transmitted through urine, and the nurse would not be in direct contact with blood or bodily fluids that present a risk.

B) A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV: A personal trainer is at low risk for contracting HIV while working with a client who has the virus, provided there is no direct exposure to blood or open wounds. HIV is transmitted through specific bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, and not through casual contact or physical activity like exercise.
C) A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV: A phlebotomist is at the greatest risk of contracting HIV because they handle blood directly. If proper precautions, such as gloves and safe needle handling, are not followed, there is an increased risk of exposure to HIV-infected blood. Occupational exposure to blood is one of the most significant routes of HIV transmission in healthcare settings.

D) An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV: An occupational therapist working with a client who has HIV is at a low risk of contracting HIV, provided the therapist does not come into direct contact with blood or other potentially infectious bodily fluids. Occupational therapy generally involves helping clients with physical or cognitive tasks and does not typically present a risk for HIV transmission unless there is a breach in infection control practices.

A) Anxiety: While anxiety is a significant concern, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs emphasizes addressing physiological needs first, as they form the foundation for higher-level needs. Anxiety can be a secondary concern, but it is often tied to unmet basic needs like hunger, so addressing the physiological need for nourishment should take priority.

B) Not seeing family members: Emotional support from family members is important for mental health and well-being, but according to Maslow's hierarchy, psychological needs like social connection come after physiological needs. The patient’s refusal to see family members may be influenced by underlying physiological issues such as hunger or anxiety, making it less urgent to address initially.

C) Not eating: According to Maslow’s hierarchy, the most immediate priority is addressing physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter. If a patient is not eating, it can lead to further health complications like malnutrition, weakness, and decreased energy. Ensuring the patient’s basic physiological needs are met, such as eating, should be the nurse's first priority to stabilize the patient before addressing other concerns.

D) Mental Health: Mental health concerns, like anxiety, are important but are considered a higher-level need in Maslow's hierarchy, following physiological needs. Addressing mental health issues such as anxiety may be necessary, but it is more effective once the basic physiological needs, such as eating and hydration, are met.