A nurse is assessing a child whose history reveals an upper respiratory illness that has progressed to a persistent cough characterized by an inspiratory whoop. The nurse would suspect which of the following?

Pertussis

Asthma

Bronchiolitis

Acute Laryngotraceobronchitis (LTB)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Pertussis:

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by a persistent cough with a distinctive "whoop" sound during the inspiratory phase. The cough can be severe and may last for several weeks. The characteristic whooping sound is due to the rapid intake of breath after a coughing episode.

B. Asthma:

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It is not typically associated with a whooping sound during the inspiratory phase. Asthma symptoms are often triggered by factors such as allergies, exercise, or exposure to irritants.

C. Bronchiolitis:

Bronchiolitis is commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), especially in infants. It presents with symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress. However, it does not involve the characteristic whooping cough sound seen in pertussis.

D. Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB):

Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis, or croup, is characterized by a barking cough, stridor (a high-pitched sound during inhalation), and respiratory distress. It is common in young children and is often caused by viruses. Unlike pertussis, it does not typically include the distinctive whooping sound.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Tetracycline:

Tetracycline antibiotics, such as doxycycline or minocycline, can be effective against the bacteria that cause impetigo. However, their use in children, especially younger ones, might be limited due to concerns about potential effects on developing teeth and bones. Therefore, they are not the first-line choice for pediatric impetigo.

B. Penicillin:

Penicillin or other antibiotics in the penicillin family, such as dicloxacillin or amoxicillin, are commonly used to treat impetigo caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Penicillin-based antibiotics are effective against certain strains of the bacteria responsible for impetigo. They are often a preferred choice for pediatric impetigo.

C. Metronidazole:

Metronidazole is an antibiotic with activity against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. However, it is not typically used to treat impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.

D. Lindane:

Lindane is an anti-parasitic medication used for conditions like scabies or lice. It is not effective against the bacteria that cause impetigo. Lindane is not an appropriate treatment for impetigo, and its use is limited due to potential neurotoxicity.

A. Approximately 18 lbs. 6 oz. B. Approximately 14 lbs. 8 oz. C. Approximately 24 lbs. 4 oz. D. Approximately 16 lbs. 4 oz.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Approximately 18 lbs. 6 oz.:

This option represents an overestimation of the expected weight. Doubling the birth weight of 8 lbs. 2 oz. would be 16 lbs. 4 oz., so this choice is higher than the expected weight.

B. Approximately 14 lbs. 8 oz.:

This option represents an underestimation of the expected weight. Doubling the birth weight of 8 lbs. 2 oz. would be 16 lbs. 4 oz., so this choice is lower than the expected weight.

C. Approximately 24 lbs. 4 oz.:

This option represents a significant overestimation of the expected weight. Doubling the birth weight of 8 lbs. 2 oz. would be 16 lbs. 4 oz., so this choice is much higher than the expected weight.

D. Approximately 16 lbs. 4 oz.:

This option is the correct estimate based on doubling the birth weight of 8 lbs. 2 oz. It accurately reflects the expected weight of a 6-month-old child according to developmental milestones.

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A nurse is assessing a child whose history reveals an upper respiratory illness that has progressed to a persistent cough characterized by an inspiratory whoop. The nurse would suspect which of the following?

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