A nurse is assessing a client who has disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Excessive thrombosis and bleeding

Increased clotting factors

Progressive increase in platelet production

Immediate sodium and fluid retention

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Excessive thrombosis and bleeding

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex and serious condition characterized by widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to both excessive clot formation (thrombosis) and simultaneous consumption of clotting factors and platelets, resulting in bleeding. DIC can occur as a secondary complication to various conditions such as sepsis, trauma, or obstetric complications.

B. Increased clotting factors: In DIC, there is consumption and depletion of clotting factors, not an increase.

C. Progressive increase in platelet production: Platelet production does not increase in DIC; instead, there is consumption and decreased platelet count.

D. Immediate sodium and fluid retention: DIC is not associated with immediate sodium and fluid retention; instead, it is characterized by fluid loss due to bleeding.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 70 mg/dL: Having a high HDL level is generally considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, including hypertension.

B. A diet high in potassium: A diet high in potassium is often associated with a lower risk of hypertension. Potassium helps balance sodium levels and supports healthy blood pressure.

C. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): This is the correct answer. Obstructive sleep apnea is a known risk factor for hypertension. The repeated episodes of interrupted breathing during sleep can contribute to increased blood pressure.

D. Taking benazepril: Benazepril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used to treat hypertension. While it is used to manage high blood pressure, taking the medication itself is not a risk factor for developing hypertension.

A. It requires lying quietly on one side." B. It might cause slight discomfort in the chest area." C. "It is best to have no food or beverages the day of the test." D. "It takes about 5 or 10 minutes."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "It requires lying quietly on one side": This is the correct answer. During an echocardiogram, the client is typically asked to lie on their left side to obtain clear images of the heart. The test is non-invasive and involves using ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structures.

B. "It might cause slight discomfort in the chest area": Echocardiograms are generally painless and do not cause discomfort. They are a non-invasive imaging technique that uses sound waves.

C. "It is best to have no food or beverages the day of the test": While the client may be instructed to avoid eating or drinking shortly before the test, this statement is too restrictive. The specific fasting instructions will be provided by the healthcare provider or facility.

D. "It takes about 5 or 10 minutes": The duration of an echocardiogram can vary, but it typically takes longer than 5 or 10 minutes. The test duration depends on various factors, including the complexity of the study and the information needed.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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