A nurse is assisting with a 24-hour urine collection for a client suspected of having nephrotic syndrome. What does this test assess?
Glomerular filtration rate and kidney function.
The presence of glucose and ketones in the urine.
The amount of protein excreted in the urine over 24 hours.
The concentration of electrolytes in the urine.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Incorrect. Glomerular filtration rate and kidney function are typically assessed through blood tests, such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. A 24-hour urine collection is not used to assess these parameters.
B. Incorrect. The presence of glucose and ketones in the urine is typically assessed using a urinalysis or dipstick test. A 24-hour urine collection is not used to determine glucose and ketone levels.
C. Correct. A 24-hour urine collection measures the amount of protein excreted in the urine over a 24-hour period. This test is essential in diagnosing and monitoring nephrotic syndrome, as significant proteinuria is a hallmark feature of the condition.
D. Incorrect. The concentration of electrolytes in the urine is not typically assessed through a 24-hour urine collection. Urinary electrolyte levels are more commonly evaluated through spot urine samples or blood tests.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Increased renal blood flow and fluid overload would lead to excessive urine output and reduced edema, which is not consistent with nephrotic syndrome.
B. Incorrect. Excessive sodium excretion and dehydration would lead to reduced fluid retention and edema, which is not consistent with nephrotic syndrome.
C. Correct. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by glomerular damage, leading to increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries and loss of protein (mainly albumin) in the urine. This results in decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, leading to edema in various parts of the body.
D. Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure and vascular leakage would lead to a different set of clinical manifestations, not characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Elevated platelet count and clotting factors are not characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. Clients with nephrotic syndrome tend to have normal platelet counts.
B. Incorrect. Decreased blood viscosity and enhanced blood flow would not directly lead to an increased risk of thromboembolic events in nephrotic syndrome.
C. Incorrect. While impaired liver function may impact clotting factors, it is not a common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome.
D. Correct. Nephrotic syndrome is associated with a loss of anticoagulant proteins, particularly antithrombin III, in the urine. This loss of anticoagulant proteins contributes to a state of hypercoagulability, increasing the risk of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
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