A nurse is caring for a client with nephrotic syndrome who develops abdominal distension and discomfort. What complication should the nurse suspect based on these manifestations?
Urinary tract infection (UTI) from proteinuria.
Ascites from hypoalbuminemia.
Hyperkalemia from kidney dysfunction.
Renal vein thrombosis from clot formation.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Incorrect. Abdominal distension and discomfort are not typical manifestations of a urinary tract infection, even in the presence of proteinuria.
B. Correct. Nephrotic syndrome often results in hypoalbuminemia due to significant protein loss in the urine. Hypoalbuminemia leads to decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, causing fluid to leak into the peritoneal cavity and resulting in abdominal distension and discomfort, known as ascites.
C. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia may occur in chronic kidney disease, including nephrotic syndrome, but it is not directly related to abdominal distension and discomfort.
D. Incorrect. Renal vein thrombosis is a complication of nephrotic syndrome but is not typically associated with acute abdominal distension and discomfort.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Diuretics can lead to potassium loss, potentially causing hypokalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential to prevent complications related to potassium imbalances.
B. Incorrect. Diuretics may affect blood glucose levels indirectly, but their primary impact is not related to glucose control.
C. Incorrect. Diuretics do not directly impact calcium levels
in nephrotic syndrome.
D. Incorrect. While monitoring blood pressure is important in nephrotic syndrome, it is not the primary focus when clients are on diuretic therapy.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Elevated platelet count and clotting factors are not characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. Clients with nephrotic syndrome tend to have normal platelet counts.
B. Incorrect. Decreased blood viscosity and enhanced blood flow would not directly lead to an increased risk of thromboembolic events in nephrotic syndrome.
C. Incorrect. While impaired liver function may impact clotting factors, it is not a common manifestation of nephrotic
syndrome.
D. Correct. Nephrotic syndrome is associated with a loss of anticoagulant proteins, particularly antithrombin III, in the urine. This loss of anticoagulant proteins contributes to a state of hypercoagulability, increasing the risk of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
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