A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about motor skills that develop in the first year of life. The nurse should include that which of the following motor skills develops first?
Sitting upright unsupported
Standing holding on to furniture
Transferring an object from hand to hand
Rolling from side to side
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason : Sitting upright unsupported is a motor skill that typically develops after a baby has gained enough strength and balance, which usually occurs around 6 months of age. Before they can sit unsupported, infants need to develop control over their head and neck muscles, as well as their upper body strength.
Choice B reason : Standing while holding on to furniture, also known as cruising, is a skill that comes later in the first year of life, usually after the infant has mastered sitting and crawling. This skill is often seen around 9 to 12 months of age as the infant's leg and core muscles become strong enough to support their weight in an upright position.
Choice C reason : Transferring an object from hand to hand is a fine motor skill that develops as an infant's hand-eye coordination improves. This skill typically emerges around 4 to 6 months of age, after the infant has developed the ability to grasp objects and has begun to explore their environment more actively with their hands.
Choice D reason : Rolling from side to side is one of the first gross motor skills that infants develop, usually occurring around 2 to 4 months of age. This skill is an important precursor to more complex movements such as sitting, crawling, and walking. It begins with the infant learning to control their head movements and then progresses to rolling over from their stomach to their back and vice versa.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason : Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a group of symptoms including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage. It is not typically related to flashbacks or stress-related disorders.
Choice B reason : Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).PTSD is a mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event, either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. The client's experience of flashbacks is a characteristic symptom of PTSD.
Choice C reason : Acute stress disorder (ASD).ASD is characterized by the development of severe anxiety, dissociation, and other symptoms that occur within one month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor. As the client reports flashbacks of an event from a year ago, ASD would not be the correct diagnosis due to the time frame.
Choice D reason : Episodic acute stress.Episodic acute stress refers to frequent episodes of acute stress, not necessarily related to flashbacks or a specific traumatic event. It is more about the reaction to the demands of life and is not characterized by flashbacks of a traumatic event.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason : Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing due to airway inflammation and constriction. While genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of asthma, there is no direct correlation between advanced maternal age and an increased risk of asthma in offspring. Asthma's etiology is multifactorial and more closely related to family history, exposure to allergens, and respiratory infections during early childhood.
Choice B reason : Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly. It's associated with factors such as folic acid deficiency during early pregnancy, certain medications, diabetes, and obesity. Although advanced maternal age may slightly increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, it is not considered a significant risk factor for spina bifida. Adequate intake of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy is the most effective prevention strategy.
Choice C reason : Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). The risk of conceiving a child with Down syndrome increases with maternal age, particularly after age 35. This is due to the higher likelihood of nondisjunction events during cell division in older eggs, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes. Advanced maternal age is a well-established risk factor for Down syndrome, and prenatal screening is recommended to assess the risk.
Choice D reason : Facial malformations, such as cleft lip or palate, are congenital anomalies that can affect the appearance and function of a child's face. These conditions are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including certain medications, nutritional deficiencies, and exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy. While advanced maternal age may contribute to an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities, it is not specifically linked to an increased risk of isolated facial malformations.
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