A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about sleep disorders. The nurse should include that which of the following conditions can cause central sleep apnea (CSA)?

Choice A reason : Continue to talk to the client as if they are awake.Even when a client is unresponsive, they may still be able to hear and benefit from hearing a familiar voice. Continuing to talk to the client can provide comfort and reassurance during the end-of-life stage⁷.

Choice B reason : Whisper when talking in the client's room.Whispering can create a sense of secrecy and exclusion. It is important to communicate in a normal tone, respecting the client's presence and dignity⁷.

Choice C reason : Limit the client's visitors to one at a time.Limiting visitors can be appropriate in certain situations to maintain a calm environment; however, it should be based on the client's wishes and needs, not as a general practice⁷.

Choice D reason : Avoid touching the client.Appropriate touch can be comforting to an unresponsive client, conveying care and presence. It should not be avoided unless there is a specific reason to do so, such as pain or discomfort⁷.

Choice A reason : Cultural bias can negatively impact data collection by causing healthcare providers to make assumptions based on stereotypes rather than individual assessments. This can lead to incomplete or inaccurate data, as certain symptoms or health issues may be overlooked or misattributed to cultural factors.

Choice B reason : Cultural bias can significantly impair the therapeutic relationship between healthcare providers and clients. When providers have preconceived notions about a patient's culture, they may communicate less effectively, make incorrect assumptions, or fail to build trust. This can result in a lack of adherence to treatment plans and decreased patient satisfaction.

Choice C reason : While spending more time with each client could be seen as beneficial, cultural bias does not inherently lead to this outcome. In fact, bias may cause providers to spend less time with clients from certain backgrounds due to misconceptions or communication barriers.

Choice D reason : Cultural bias is a known contributor to healthcare disparities, not a solution to them. Biases can lead to unequal treatment, access, and outcomes across different cultural groups.