A nurse is assisting with teaching a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for a low sodium diet. Which of the following educational methods uses the cognitive domain of learning? (Select All that Apply)

Review strategies to reduce sodium intake.

Ask the client how they are feeling about starting a low sodium diet

Observe the client choose low sodium foods.

Discuss the physiology of hypertension with the client.

Encourage the client to share their thoughts in a support group.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

A. Review strategies to reduce sodium intake:

This educational method involves providing information and teaching the client specific strategies to reduce sodium intake, such as reading food labels, avoiding high-sodium processed foods, and choosing fresh fruits and vegetables. It engages the cognitive domain of learning as it focuses on acquiring knowledge and understanding of the topic.
B. Ask the client how they are feeling about starting a low sodium diet:

This educational method involves exploring the client's feelings and emotions regarding the low sodium diet. It primarily engages the affective domain of learning, which focuses on attitudes, beliefs, and feelings.
C. Observe the client choose low sodium foods:

This educational method involves observing the client's behavior and actions. It primarily engages the psychomotor domain of learning, which focuses on physical skills and actions.
D. Discuss the physiology of hypertension with the client:

This educational method involves explaining the underlying physiology of hypertension, including factors such as sodium intake, blood pressure regulation, and cardiovascular health. It engages the cognitive domain of learning as it focuses on acquiring knowledge and understanding of the physiological processes involved in hypertension.
E. Encourage the client to share their thoughts in a support group:

This educational method involves providing opportunities for the client to share their thoughts and experiences with others in a support group setting. It primarily engages the affective domain of learning, which focuses on attitudes, beliefs, and feelings.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(A) Encourage the client to increase participation in community social activities: While social activities can be beneficial for mental health, a client at the end of life may not have the physical strength or energy to participate in community social activities. Moreover, due to the compromised immune system in HIV, exposure to large groups could increase the risk of infections.

(B) Prepare the client to begin highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): HAART is typically initiated in the early stages of HIV infection to slow the progression of the disease. In a client who has had HIV for 10 years and is at the end of life, the focus would likely be on palliative care and symptom management rather than starting aggressive therapy.

(c) Promote client weight gain of one to two pounds per week: Weight gain might not be a realistic goal for a client at the end of life. Instead, maintaining a balanced diet to prevent malnutrition and managing symptoms like nausea and loss of appetite would be more appropriate.

(D) Provide routine analgesia to minimize episodes of breakthrough pain: This is the most appropriate intervention. Pain management is a critical aspect of end-of-life care. Providing routine analgesia can help ensure the client’s comfort and improve their quality of life. Breakthrough pain can be very distressing for the client, and managing it effectively can significantly enhance their well-being.

A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Respiratory acidosis C. Respiratory alkalosis D. Metabolic acidosis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(A) Metabolic alkalosis: This condition is characterized by a high blood pH (>7.45) and a high bicarbonate level (>26 mEq/L). The client’s pH and bicarbonate levels are both lower than normal, which rules out metabolic alkalosis.

(B) Respiratory acidosis: This condition is characterized by a low blood pH (<7.35) and a high PaCO2 level (>45 mm Hg). Although the client’s pH is low, the PaCO2 level is also low, which rules out respiratory acidosis.

(c) Respiratory alkalosis: This condition is characterized by a high blood pH (>7.45) and a low PaCO2 level (<35 mm Hg). The client’s pH is low, which rules out respiratory alkalosis.

(D) Metabolic acidosis: This condition is characterized by a low blood pH (<7.35) and a low bicarbonate level (<22 mEq/L). The client’s pH is 7.26 and bicarbonate level is 14 mEq/L, both of which are lower than normal. This indicates metabolic acidosis, which is common in clients with acute kidney injury as the kidneys are unable to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate. Therefore, the nurse should identify that the client is experiencing metabolic acidosis.

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for a low sodium diet. Which of the following educational methods uses the cognitive domain of learning? (Select All that Apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has had HIV for 10 years and is at the end of life. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury. The client's ABGS are: PH:7.26 PaCO2: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L Which of the following acid-imbalances should the nurse identify the client is experiencing?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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