A nurse is assisting with the preparation of an educational program on physiological changes during labor. Which of the following smooth muscle adaptations should the nurse identify as being responsible for facilitating cervical dilation and promoting descent of the fetus into the client pelvis and vaginal canal?

Relaxation of the uterus smooth muscle

Constriction of cervical smooth muscle

Stretching of the pelvic smooth muscle

Contraction of the vaginal smooth muscle

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Relaxation of the uterine smooth muscle occurs during labor and is key for allowing the cervix to dilate. Uterine contractions, which involve smooth muscle contractions, help facilitate cervical dilation and fetal descent into the birth canal.

B. Constriction of cervical smooth muscle would not facilitate dilation. In fact, cervical dilation is enabled by the relaxation of cervical smooth muscle in response to uterine contractions.

C. Stretching of the pelvic smooth muscle helps accommodate the descending fetus, but the primary action for dilation is the uterine contractions and relaxation of the cervix.

D. Contraction of the vaginal smooth muscle occurs during labor but does not directly impact the cervical dilation or fetal descent, as the primary muscular adaptation involved in labor is uterine contractions.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Progesterone levels increase during pregnancy and relax smooth muscle, including the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to decreased gastric motility and allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus, causing heartburn.

B. Increased pancreatic activity is not a characteristic cause of heartburn during pregnancy. Instead, pancreatic issues might result in dietary intolerances or digestion problems unrelated to acid reflux.

C. While estrogen levels also increase during pregnancy, they are not primarily responsible for heartburn. Estrogen has other roles, such as promoting uterine growth and blood flow.

D. Uterine displacement of the stomach occurs later in pregnancy, typically in the third trimester, and is not a significant cause of heartburn at 12 weeks.

A. I recently graduated and moved here for a full-time job that I love B. I just moved here and don't know anyone. And my partner recently ended our relationship. C. I have joined a group in my community for pregnant mothers D. I have health insurance through my employer, and I have coverage for prenatal care.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This response does not raise immediate concerns. Having a full-time job that the client loves is a positive factor for their well-being.

B. This response indicates potential social isolation and emotional distress. The nurse should explore this further because the lack of social support and relationship challenges may affect the client's emotional and mental health during pregnancy.

C. Joining a community group for pregnant mothers is a positive step toward social support and can help alleviate isolation.

D. Having health insurance is a positive indicator that the client has access to prenatal care and is less likely to face financial barriers to healthcare.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. The client asks about the cause of her heartburn. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is obtaining information about social determinants of health from a new client during their first prenatal visit. For which of the following responses by the client should the nurse seek more information?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assisting in the care of a client at 10 weeks of gestation who asks how the biological sex of the fetus is determined. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A nurse is caring for a client in the prenatal clinic who is at 7 weeks of gestation. The client reports urinary frequency and asks the nurse if this will continue throughout her pregnancy. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. The client tells the nurse that she smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should instruct the client that her newborn is at increased risk for which of the following clinical manifestations?

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is at 18 weeks of gestation and tells the nurse that she felt light fluttering in her stomach the previous day. The nurse should use which of the following terms to document this finding?

A nurse is assisting with the planning of a presentation about the impact of hyperemesis gravidarum on client health. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

A pregnant woman asks the nurse, "Will I be able to have a vaginal delivery?" The nurse knows that which type of female pelvis is optimal for passage of the fetal head?

A nurse is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation during an initial prenatal visit. The client asks, "What is a normal fetal heart rate?" Which of the following ranges should the nurse provide?

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is in her second trimester of pregnancy. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings as an expected physiologic change during pregnancy?