A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following deficiencies?

Folic acid

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Magnesium

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Folic acid deficiency is not typically associated specifically with a vegan diet. While folate (the natural form of folic acid) is found in higher amounts in animal products like liver, it can also be obtained from plant-based sources such as dark leafy greens, beans, and fortified grains. Therefore, while it's essential for vegans to ensure an adequate intake of folate, deficiency is not necessarily more common in this population compared to others.

B) Vitamin C deficiency is not typically associated specifically with a vegan diet. Vitamin C is abundant in many fruits and vegetables, which are staples of a vegan diet. As long as the individual consumes a variety of fresh produce, they can usually meet their vitamin C needs.

C) Vitamin D deficiency may be more common in individuals following a vegan diet. Vitamin D is primarily found in animal products like fatty fish, liver, and fortified dairy products. While some vegan sources of vitamin D exist, such as fortified plant-based milk and mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, they may not provide adequate amounts for some individuals, especially those with limited sun exposure, which is another source of vitamin D synthesis.

D) Magnesium deficiency is not typically associated specifically with a vegan diet. Magnesium is found in a wide variety of foods, including nuts, seeds, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables, which are commonly consumed in a vegan diet. As long as the individual includes these foods regularly in their diet, they are unlikely to develop a magnesium deficiency solely due to being vegan.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Hypernatremia refers to elevated sodium levels in the blood and is not consistent with water intoxication. In water intoxication, hyponatremia (low sodium levels) is more likely due to dilutional effects from excess water intake.

B) Weak pulses are not specific findings associated with water intoxication. While fluid overload can lead to cardiovascular complications, such as hypertension and bounding pulses, weak pulses are not typically indicative of water intoxication.

C) Exaggerated reflexes are not characteristic findings of water intoxication. Instead, neurological symptoms such as confusion, headache, and seizures may occur due to cerebral edema resulting from water intoxication.

D) Muscle weakness is a potential manifestation of water intoxication due to hyponatremia, which can lead to changes in osmolarity and cellular function. Hyponatremia can cause neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness, lethargy, and seizures. As water moves into cells, it can disrupt cellular function and lead to symptoms of cellular swelling. Therefore, muscle weakness is a concerning finding in the context of suspected water intoxication.

A. Increased glucose levels B. Increased HDL le’els C. Increased LDL levels D. Increased triglyceride levels

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Increased glucose levels would not typically be considered a positive outcome of following a Mediterranean diet and exercising to manage cardiovascular disease. In fact, the goal of such interventions is often to improve glycemic control and reduce blood sugar levels, so an increase in glucose levels would be undesirable.

B) Increased HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels would be considered a positive outcome of the client's interventions. HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol ’ecause it helps remove LDL (low-density lipop“otei”) cholesterol from the arteries, thus reducing the risk of heart disease. A Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like those found in olive oil, combined with regular exercise, can lead to increased HDL levels.

C) Increased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels would not typically be considered a positive outcome of following a Mediterranean diet and exercising to manage cardiovascular disease. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup “n t”e arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. The goal of lifestyle interventions in managing cardiovascular disease is often to reduce LDL levels.

D) Increased triglyceride levels would not typically be considered a positive outcome of following a Mediterranean diet and exercising to manage cardiovascular disease. High triglyceride levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. A Mediterranean diet, which typically includes foods low in saturated fats and high in unsaturated fats, can help lower triglyceride levels when combined with regular exercise.

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A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following deficiencies?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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