A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of hypertension. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize is indicative of transient ischemic attacks?

Epigastric pain

Seizure activity

Sudden loss of vision in one eye

Pain radiating down the left arm

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Epigastric pain suggests GI issues, not TIAs. In hypertension, TIAs affect cerebral vessels, causing neurological deficits, not abdominal symptoms like this.

Choice B reason: Seizures stem from cortical irritation, not typical TIA vascular occlusion. Hypertension-related TIAs produce transient deficits, not convulsive activity usually.

Choice C reason: Sudden monocular vision loss (amaurosis fugax) is a classic TIA sign in hypertension. It reflects temporary retinal artery occlusion, resolving quickly.

Choice D reason: Left arm pain mimics cardiac issues, not TIAs. Hypertension TIAs target brain circulation, causing focal deficits, not referred pain patterns.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Voice alteration isn’t linked to ECT; it affects brain function, not vocal cords. Post-procedure, neurological effects dominate, not laryngeal changes.

Choice B reason: Neck pain may occur from positioning, but it’s not a primary ECT reaction. Muscle relaxants minimize strain, making this less common.

Choice C reason: Scalp tingling could stem from electrodes, but it’s rare and minor. ECT’s electrical impact targets memory and mood, not sensory nerves.

Choice D reason: Temporary memory loss is a well-documented ECT side effect, from disrupted hippocampal function. It’s expected, often resolving, and key to inform clients.

A. "I can have a meal up to 2 hours before the procedure." B. "I should limit my fluid intake for 2 days after the procedure." C. "I do not need to sign a consent form before this procedure." D. "I will feel a warming sensation after the injection of the dye."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Eating 2 hours before an IVP is incorrect; fasting is required 4-8 hours prior to ensure clear imaging. Scientifically, food can obscure contrast in the urinary tract, reducing diagnostic accuracy, showing misunderstanding of prep needs.

Choice B reason: Limiting fluids post-IVP is wrong; hydration flushes dye, preventing kidney strain. Scientifically, adequate fluid intake post-contrast is standard to reduce nephrotoxicity risk, indicating the client misgrasps aftercare critical to renal safety.

Choice C reason: Not needing consent is false; IVP involves contrast risks (e.g., allergy), requiring informed consent. Scientifically, legal and medical standards mandate consent for invasive imaging, reflecting a lack of understanding about procedural protocols.

Choice D reason: A warming sensation from dye injection is accurate, as contrast dilates vessels briefly. Scientifically, this common reaction shows the client understands the procedure’s sensory effects, aligning with expected physiological responses per IVP education.

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