A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of whooping cough. Based on the epidemiological triangle, which of the following is considered the environment for this situation?
Human population distribution
Pertussis virus
Immunization status
Decreased disease resistance
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: In the epidemiological triangle, the environment refers to external factors that cause or allow disease transmission. Human population distribution affects how diseases like whooping cough spread, as high- density areas can facilitate faster transmission.
Choice B reason: The Pertussis virus is the agent in the epidemiological triangle, not the environment.
Choice C reason: Immunization status is a factor that can influence the course of the disease but is not considered the environment in the epidemiological triangle.
Choice D reason: Decreased disease resistance may be a characteristic of the host, which is another corner of the epidemiological triangle, not the environment.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Veracity refers to the obligation to tell the truth and would not be the primary ethical principle demonstrated in this scenario.
Choice B reason: Nonmaleficence means to do no harm, which is an important principle but not the focus of the nurse's response in this context.
Choice C reason: Beneficence involves actions that promote the well-being of others. While the nurse's support could be seen as beneficent, it is not the principle that best describes the nurse's response.
Choice D reason: Autonomy is the principle that respects the patient's right to make their own decisions. The nurse's response supports the client's autonomy in making healthcare decisions.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A - Hearing Findings: Elevated lead levels can affect the auditory system, leading to hearing problems which can be a long-term complication.
Choice B - Eating History: While the child's picky eating behavior was noted, it is not a direct long-term complication of elevated lead levels.
Choice C - Behavior Findings: Lead exposure can result in behavioral issues, including hyperactivity and aggression, which are potential long-term complications.
Choice D - Vital Signs: The vital signs provided do not indicate long-term complications related to lead exposure.
Choice E - Speech History: Developmental delays, including speech delays, can be a long-term complication of elevated lead levels.
Choice F - Attention Findings: Lead exposure can lead to attention-related issues, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a long-term complication.
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