A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

D-dimer blood test

Complete blood count (CBC)

CT scan

Chest x-ray

Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. D-dimer blood test - A D-dimer test measures clot breakdown products in the blood. Elevated levels suggest the presence of an abnormal blood clot, such as in PE, although it is not specific.

B. Complete blood count (CBC) - A CBC is not typically used to diagnose PE. It may be ordered to check for other conditions or as part of the overall health assessment, but it doesn't confirm PE.

C. CT scan - A CT pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing PE. It provides detailed images of the blood vessels in the lungs.

D. Chest x-ray - A chest x-ray is not diagnostic for PE. It is often performed to rule out other causes of the client’s symptoms (e.g., pneumonia, pneumothorax) but does not confirm the presence of a pulmonary embolism.

E. Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)
A VQ scan is another diagnostic tool for PE, especially in clients who cannot tolerate contrast dye required for CT scans. It assesses the ventilation and perfusion of the lungs and identifies mismatches suggestive of PE.

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hemolytic: Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions can occur quickly after starting a transfusion and present with symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, low back pain, tachycardia, and apprehension. It is a serious reaction caused by the destruction of transfused red blood cells.

B. Allergic: Allergic reactions to blood transfusions typically present with hives, itching, and anaphylaxis, not low back pain or tachycardia.

C. Febrile: Febrile reactions involve fever and chills but not typically headache or back pain.

D. Bacterial: Bacterial contamination of blood can cause fever and chills, but not specifically the symptoms of headache and low back pain described.

A. 2 hr after obtaining blood from the blood bank B. When the client states he is ready to start the infusion C. As soon as the nurse can prepare the client and the administration set D. when the client has finished eating lunch

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. 2 hr after obtaining blood from the blood bank. Blood should be started as soon as possible, ideally within 30 minutes to minimize the risk of bacterial growth. Waiting for 2 hours is not appropriate.

B. When the client states he is ready to start the infusion. The client’s readiness should be considered, but the timing should be based on clinical guidelines and safety protocols, not just the client’s preference.

C. As soon as the nurse can prepare the client and the administration set. Blood products should be infused as soon as possible after preparation to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and ensure efficacy.

D. When the client has finished eating lunch. The infusion timing should not be delayed for non-essential reasons like meal completion unless the client is experiencing issues that could interfere with the transfusion.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse receives a unit of packed RBCs from a blood bank and notes that the time is 1130. The nurse should begin the infusion at which of the following times?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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