After 1 week of sudden continuous mental confusion, an older African American client is admitted with a preliminary diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). What should cause the nurse to question this diagnosis?

The symptoms presented are more indicative of parkinsonism

AD The does not develop suddenly.

AD does not typically occur in African American clients.

There have been no liver function studies ordered.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Parkinsonism includes motor symptoms like tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, not sudden confusion. The presentation does not clearly indicate parkinsonism.
B. Alzheimer’s disease is progressive and develops gradually over months to years. A sudden onset of confusion suggests another cause, such as delirium, stroke, or medication-related effects, and should prompt further investigation.
C. Alzheimer’s disease does occur in African American clients, often at higher rates and with earlier onset compared to other populations. This is not a reason to question the diagnosis.
D. Liver function tests may be part of a general workup, but their absence does not specifically disqualify an AD diagnosis

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Restricting fluid intake is not necessary for a patient with neutropenia. In fact, maintaining adequate hydration is essential, especially when managing the effects of chemotherapy.
B. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter increases the risk of infection and should only be done when absolutely necessary, especially in patients with neutropenia who are at increased risk of infections.
C. Neutropenic patients have a decreased ability to fight infections, so it is crucial to restrict visitors who have communicable illnesses to prevent the patient from becoming infected.
D. Hand hygiene is essential, and gloves should not replace proper hand washing. The nurse should wash hands before and after patient contact to prevent infection, not simply wear gloves.

A. Contact inhibition B. Anaplasia C. Apoptosis D. Anchorage dependence

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Contact inhibition refers to the process where normal cells stop growing when they come into contact with other cells. Cancer cells often lose this ability and continue to proliferate despite contact.
B. Anaplasia refers to the loss of differentiation in cancer cells, making them look less like the normal cells from which they originated. This is not directly related to regulated cell death.
C. Apoptosis is the term for programmed cell death, a normal process where cells that are damaged or no longer needed die in a controlled manner. Cancer cells often evade apoptosis, allowing them to survive and proliferate uncontrollably.
D. Anchorage dependence refers to the need for cells to be anchored to a surface to divide. Cancer cells often lose anchorage dependence, allowing them to grow independently.

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After 1 week of sudden continuous mental confusion, an older African American client is admitted with a preliminary diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). What should cause the nurse to question this diagnosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient with leukemia who is experiencing neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy. Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care for this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse recognizes that one primary difference between normal and cancer cells is related to regulated cell death that normal cells undergo as part of the regular cell cycle. What is the term for this change in cellular function?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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