A nurse is caring for a client who has sleep dysregulation, poor memory, and poor concentration. When collecting data, which of the following neurotransmitters should the nurse identify as being responsible for the client's manifestations?

A. Paranoia is a positive symptom of schizophrenia, characterized by excessive distrust and suspicion. Positive symptoms involve an excess or distortion of normal functions, such as hallucinations or delusions. Paranoia reflects an altered perception of reality rather than a diminished emotional or cognitive function.
B. Distorted beliefs, including delusions, are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia. These beliefs are false, fixed, and not based on reality, often involving grandiosity, persecution, or somatic concerns. Positive symptoms represent an exaggeration of normal thought processes rather than a reduction in function.
C. Confusion is often associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia but is not classified as a negative symptom. Cognitive symptoms include deficits in memory, attention, and executive function, whereas negative symptoms involve the absence of normal emotional or behavioral responses. Confusion is more related to disorganized thinking rather than a loss of function.
D. Lack of emotions, or affective flattening, is a negative symptom of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms involve a reduction in normal functions, such as diminished emotional expression, social withdrawal, and decreased motivation. These symptoms contribute significantly to functional impairment and are often more resistant to treatment than positive symptoms.

A. A relapse plan explains how you can be hospitalized if needed. A relapse plan focuses on early symptom recognition and intervention rather than hospitalization. While hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases, the primary goal is to prevent relapse through proactive measures.
B. A relapse plan addresses your living, housing, and working needs. While stable housing and employment are important for recovery, a relapse plan is specifically designed to identify early warning signs and strategies to prevent symptom exacerbation rather than addressing broader social needs.
C. A relapse plan describes how you use coping strategies for living in the community. While coping strategies are included, a relapse plan is more comprehensive, incorporating early symptom detection, medication adherence, and support systems to prevent deterioration.
D. A relapse plan helps your recovery by recognizing symptoms of schizophrenia and provides steps to follow if symptoms are getting worse. Recognizing early symptoms of schizophrenia and implementing preplanned interventions can reduce the likelihood of a full relapse, allowing for timely adjustments in treatment and support.