A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing massive hemorrhage. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to address hypovolemia?

Administering pain medication for comfort.

Initiating blood transfusion as prescribed.

Providing emotional support to the client.

Encouraging deep breathing exercises.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Incorrect. While pain management is important, it is not the priority in the management of massive hemorrhage and hypovolemia.

B) Correct. The priority intervention for a client experiencing massive hemorrhage and hypovolemia is to initiate a blood transfusion to replace lost blood and improve oxygen-carrying capacity.

C) Incorrect. Emotional support is essential, but it is not the priority in the acute management of hemorrhage and hypovolemia.

D) Incorrect. Deep breathing exercises are not the priority when the client is experiencing massive hemorrhage and requires urgent interventions to stabilize their condition.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypertension is not an early sign of hemorrhage; instead, hypotension occurs as blood loss progresses.
B. Bradycardia is not an expected response; tachycardia is more common due to compensatory mechanisms.
C. Tachypnea is an early indicator of internal bleeding as the body attempts to compensate for decreased oxygen delivery by increasing respiratory rate.
D. Hyperthermia is not associated with hemorrhage; instead, hypothermia can occur with significant blood loss.

A. Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). B. Consuming a diet high in fiber and whole grains. C. Frequent intake of acidic foods and beverages. D. Excessive intake of vitamin K-rich foods.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Correct. Chronic use of NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin, can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of gastric ulcers, including duodenal ulcers.

B) Incorrect. A diet high in fiber and whole grains is generally beneficial and does not directly cause duodenal ulcers.

C) Incorrect. While acidic foods and beverages may aggravate existing ulcers, they are not the primary cause of the ulcer.

D) Incorrect. Excessive intake of vitamin K-rich foods can promote blood clotting and is not a cause of duodenal ulcers.

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