A nurse is caring for a client who experienced a hemorrhage and received a blood transfusion. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the transfusion?

A) Correct. Chronic use of NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin, can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of gastric ulcers, including duodenal ulcers.

B) Incorrect. A diet high in fiber and whole grains is generally beneficial and does not directly cause duodenal ulcers.

C) Incorrect. While acidic foods and beverages may aggravate existing ulcers, they are not the primary cause of the ulcer.

D) Incorrect. Excessive intake of vitamin K-rich foods can promote blood clotting and is not a cause of duodenal ulcers.

A) Incorrect. Swelling and bruising around the wound are common signs of external bleeding and do not directly indicate internal bleeding.

B) Correct. Cool and pale skin in the extremities may be indicative of vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow, which can occur in response to internal bleeding.

C) Incorrect. Blood oozing from the wound site is a typical sign of external bleeding and does not necessarily indicate internal bleeding.

D) Incorrect. Visible blood clot formation at the wound site is a normal part of the body's hemostatic response to control external bleeding and does not directly suggest internal bleeding.