A nurse is caring for a client with the following Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) pH 7.48, PaCO2 53, and HCO3 31. How would these be interpreted?

Respiratory alkalosis

Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis

Metabolic Acidosis

Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Respiratory Alkalosis: Would have low PaCO2 (<35 mmHg), not high.

B. Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis: The pH is high (alkalosis), and the HCO3 is elevated, which indicates metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO2 is high, meaning the lungs are attempting to compensate by retaining CO₂ to lower the pH. Because the pH is still abnormal, this is partial compensation.

C. Metabolic Acidosis: Would have low pH and low HCO3 (<22 mEq/L).

D. Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis: The primary problem is metabolic, not respiratory.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Leukocytes: Erythropoietin does not affect white blood cell (WBC) production.

B. Hemoglobin: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production in the bone marrow. Clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop anemia due to decreased natural erythropoietin production. A therapeutic response is seen as an increase in hemoglobin levels.

C. Platelets: Erythropoietin does not stimulate platelet production (thrombopoiesis).

D. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP): BNP is a marker for heart failure, not erythropoiesis.

A. The development of malignant hyperthermia B. The development of fluid volume excess C. The development of an allergic response to the pain medication D. The development of an infection.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The development of malignant hyperthermia: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening reaction to certain anesthetics (e.g., succinylcholine, halothane). It causes rapid muscle breakdown, severe hyperthermia, tachycardia, muscle rigidity, and metabolic acidosis. Immediate treatment with IV dantrolene and cooling measures is required.

B. The development of fluid volume excess: Fluid overload may cause hypertension and pulmonary edema but does not cause sudden high fever.

C. The development of an allergic response to the pain medication: Drug allergies typically present with rash, itching, or anaphylaxis, not extreme fever.

D. The development of an infection. Post-op infections usually develop over several days, not immediately in PACU.

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A nurse is caring for a client with the following Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) pH 7.48, PaCO2 53, and HCO3 31. How would these be interpreted?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

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