A nurse is caring for a client with the following Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) pH 7.48, PaCO2 53, and HCO3 31. How would these be interpreted?

Respiratory alkalosis

Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis

Metabolic Acidosis

Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Respiratory Alkalosis: Would have low PaCO2 (<35 mmHg), not high.

B. Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis: The pH is high (alkalosis), and the HCO3 is elevated, which indicates metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO2 is high, meaning the lungs are attempting to compensate by retaining CO₂ to lower the pH. Because the pH is still abnormal, this is partial compensation.

C. Metabolic Acidosis: Would have low pH and low HCO3 (<22 mEq/L).

D. Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis: The primary problem is metabolic, not respiratory.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Cardiac arrest: Cardiac arrest is a complication of severe hypothermia, not a risk factor.

B. Falling through the ice: Major risk factor for accidental hypothermia due to immersion in cold water.

C. Head trauma: Impaired thermoregulation in the brainstem can cause hypothermia.

D. Drug use: Certain drugs (e.g., alcohol, sedatives) impair the body’s ability to regulate temperature, increasing hypothermia risk.

A. ST depression B. Tall peaked T waves C. Prolonged ST segment D. Prominent U wave

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. ST depression: ST depression is associated with hypokalemia or ischemia.

B. Tall peaked T waves: Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.0 mEq/L) causes tall, peaked T waves due to abnormal repolarization. Severe hyperkalemia (>6.5 mEq/L) can lead to cardiac arrest.

C. Prolonged ST segment: Not a characteristic of hyperkalemia.

D. Prominent U wave: A U wave is seen in hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.

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A nurse is caring for a client with the following Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) pH 7.48, PaCO2 53, and HCO3 31. How would these be interpreted?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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