A nurse is caring for a patient during the immediate postoperative period following major abdominal surgery. When administering an opioid analgesic for pain, the nurse should explain that the medication may have which of the following effects?
Lowering blood pressure
Causing drowsiness
Inducing a cough
Slowing the respiratory rate
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: While opioids can lower blood pressure, it is not as common as respiratory depression.
Choice B reason: Causing drowsiness is a common side effect of opioids, but it is less critical than respiratory effects.
Choice C reason: Opioids do not typically induce a cough; they may actually suppress coughing.
Choice D reason: Opioids can slow the respiratory rate, which is a critical side effect that nurses must monitor for and educate patients about.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The patient's son may be present for support, but he does not have the authority to sign the consent form unless he is a designated health care proxy and the patient is not competent.
Choice B reason: Since the patient is alert and competent, she has the right and responsibility to provide consent for her own medical procedures.
Choice C reason: A health care proxy is authorized to make decisions on behalf of the patient only if the patient is unable to do so.
Choice D reason: The consent form should be signed by the patient alone if she is competent, regardless of who accompanies her to the facility.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Advance directives are instructions given by the patient for future care, not for giving consent for current procedures.
Choice B reason: A durable power of atorney for healthcare allows an individual to make medical decisions on behalf of the patient if they are unable to do so themselves.
Choice C reason: Being the primary caregiver does not automatically grant the legal authority to give consent for medical procedures.
Choice D reason: The nurse's role is to facilitate the consent process, not to give consent on behalf of the patient.
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