Which of the following theories or models looks only at the internal factors that motivate a person to adopt healthier lifestyle habits?

Choice A Reason:
The Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of observational learning, social experiences, and reciprocal determinism in behavior change. It considers both internal factors (such as self-efficacy) and external factors (such as social influences and environmental conditions) in motivating behavior change. Therefore, it does not focus solely on internal factors.

Choice B Reason:
The Ecological Model, also known as the Social-Ecological Model, looks at multiple levels of influence on behavior, including individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy levels. This model highlights the interaction between individuals and their physical and sociocultural environments. It does not focus exclusively on internal factors but rather on a broad range of influences.

Choice C Reason:
The Transtheoretical Theory, also known as the Stages of Change Model, describes the process of intentional behavior change through five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. While it considers internal factors such as motivation and readiness to change, it also acknowledges the role of external factors and interventions in facilitating progress through these stages.

Choice D Reason:
The Health Belief Model focuses on individual perceptions and beliefs as the primary motivators for adopting healthier behaviors. It considers factors such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. This model is centered on internal cognitive factors that influence a person's decision to engage in health-promoting behaviors, making it the correct answer for a model that looks only at internal factors.

Choice A Reason:
The need for social support to abstain from smoking is an important factor in tobacco cessation. Social support can significantly influence an individual's ability to quit smoking by providing encouragement and accountability. However, according to the Health Belief Model, the focus is more on perceived benefits and barriers, perceived severity, and perceived susceptibility. While social support is crucial, it is not the primary focus of the Health Belief Model in this context.

Choice B Reason:
The benefits of not smoking when engaging in sports and other activities is a key aspect of the Health Belief Model. This model emphasizes the importance of perceived benefits in motivating behavior change. Highlighting the positive outcomes of not smoking, such as improved athletic performance and better overall health, can effectively encourage high school students to avoid tobacco use. This approach aligns with the model's focus on perceived benefits as a motivator for behavior change.

Choice C Reason:
The school's no smoking policy is an important regulatory measure to prevent tobacco use among students. However, the Health Belief Model focuses more on individual perceptions and motivations rather than institutional policies. While the policy is essential for creating a smoke-free environment, it does not directly address the personal beliefs and attitudes that the Health Belief Model targets.

Choice D Reason:
The local town ordinance regarding smoking bans in certain public spaces is another regulatory approach to control tobacco use. Similar to the school's no smoking policy, this ordinance is important for public health but does not align directly with the Health Belief Model. The model is more concerned with individual perceptions of risk and benefit, rather than external regulations.