A nurse is reinforcing education about nutrition for a patient who has HIV and has a newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse provide in the teaching?
“You must breastfeed to give the baby the best nutrients.”
"Breastfeeding is not recommended because of the high risk of transmission.”
“Pumped breastmilk may be given to your child."
"You should sterilize your pumped breastmilk prior to feeding.”
The Correct Answer is B
A. "You must breastfeed to give the baby the best nutrients." While breastfeeding provides essential nutrients, it is not recommended for mothers with HIV due to the risk of viral transmission through breast milk, even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy.
B. "Breastfeeding is not recommended because of the high risk of transmission." HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, and health organizations, including the WHO and CDC, advise against breastfeeding if safe alternatives, such as formula feeding, are available. Formula feeding is the preferred method in high-resource settings.
C. "Pumped breastmilk may be given to your child." Pumping does not eliminate HIV from breast milk. The virus remains present, posing the same transmission risk as direct breastfeeding.
D. "You should sterilize your pumped breastmilk prior to feeding." There is no reliable method for sterilizing breast milk at home that effectively eliminates HIV without destroying its nutritional value. Instead, formula feeding or donor milk from screened sources is recommended.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously, or just underneath the skin. The pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) is given intramuscularly (IM), not subcutaneously. The preferred injection sites are the anterolateral thigh (for infants) or the deltoid muscle (for older children).
B. The first dose of the vaccine is administered at 2 months of age. This is correct. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is routinely given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15 months of age to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
C. The vaccine is contraindicated in individuals who are allergic to gelatin. This is incorrect. The pneumococcal vaccine is not formulated with gelatin. Gelatin allergies are more relevant for vaccines like MMR and varicella. However, PCV13 should not be given to those with severe allergic reactions to any previous dose of the vaccine.
D. The vaccine is given in a series of six doses spread throughout the first 5 years of life. The PCV13 vaccine is given in a series of four doses, not six. While some high-risk children may require additional doses of PPSV23 (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine), the routine childhood schedule consists of four doses.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Your child will have the final say in all decisions regarding palliative care." While the child's preferences and wishes should be considered, decision-making typically involves collaboration between the child, parents, and healthcare team to ensure the best possible care.
B. "The primary goal of palliative care is to improve your child's quality of life." Palliative care focuses on enhancing comfort, relieving symptoms, and providing emotional, social, and spiritual support for the child and their family, regardless of disease prognosis.
C. "Palliative care only addresses your child's physical and mental needs." Palliative care is holistic, addressing not just physical and mental needs but also emotional, spiritual, and social well-being for both the child and their family.
D. "Palliative care will begin once your child has been given 6 months left to live." Palliative care is not limited to end-of-life care. It can be introduced at any stage of a serious illness, alongside curative treatments, to improve the child's overall well-being.
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