A nurse is collecting data from a client during their first prenatal visit.
The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus?

Choice A rationale

Assisting the client's partner to apply counterpressure to the sacrum can help alleviate the low-back pain associated with early labor by providing direct pressure to the area experiencing discomfort.

Choice B rationale

Maintaining the client on bed rest until active labor begins is not typically recommended, as mobility can help with the progression of labor and pain management.

Choice C rationale

Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is not necessary for managing low-back pain in early labor and can increase the risk of infection and discomfort.

Choice D rationale

Teaching the client to hold their breath during contractions is not advisable, as it can lead to increased pain and decreased oxygenation for both the mother and baby. Breathing techniques are usually recommended to manage pain and ensure adequate oxygen delivery. .

Choice A rationale

Starting each feeding with the same breast can cause engorgement and uneven milk supply.

Choice B rationale

Introducing formula can interfere with breast milk production and breastfeeding success.

Choice C rationale

Ensuring the newborn empties the first breast allows them to receive the nutrient-rich hindmilk, which is crucial for growth.

Choice D rationale

Offering water to a newborn is unnecessary and can interfere with feeding since breast milk or formula provides sufficient hydration. .