A nurse is collecting data from an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select the 3 that apply.)

Wheezing

Rigid abdomen

Pallor

Weight loss

Vomiting

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

A. Wheezing: Wheezing is a common symptom associated with asthma, which can be exacerbated by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. GER occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, leading to irritation and inflammation of the airways. This inflammation can cause wheezing sounds during breathing, especially if the refluxed material reaches the lower respiratory tract.

B. Rigid abdomen: While gastroesophageal reflux (GER) primarily affects the upper gastrointestinal tract, it typically does not cause a rigid abdomen. A rigid abdomen may indicate other underlying gastrointestinal issues such as bowel obstruction, intussusception, or peritonitis. These conditions are not typically associated with GER in infants.

C. Pallor: Pallor, or paleness of the skin, is not a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. GER primarily affects the upper gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by symptoms such as spitting up, regurgitation, and irritability. Pallor may be indicative of other health issues such as anemia or circulatory problems but is not directly related to GER.

D. Weight loss: Weight loss can occur in infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) if frequent vomiting leads to inadequate intake of nutrients. However, it is not a direct symptom of GER itself. Infants with GER may experience feeding difficulties, irritability, and discomfort associated with feeding, which can contribute to poor weight gain over time if not managed effectively.

E. Vomiting: Vomiting is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. It occurs when stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus and sometimes out of the mouth. Infants with GER may spit up or vomit frequently after feeding or during burping, which can lead to discomfort and irritability. Vomiting may also contribute to poor weight gain and nutritional deficiencies if not managed effectively.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Pain management is critical for burn care, especially before activities like physical therapy that can be painful. Administering pain medication 30 minutes before therapy helps ensure the child is more comfortable and able to participate effectively in rehabilitation. This is a recommended intervention.

B. While involving the child in decisions about their care can promote autonomy and improve adherence, the schedule for burn care and therapy should be based on medical needs and healing processes rather than the child's preference. Care schedules should be designed to optimize healing and manage pain effectively.

C. Provide low-calorie snacks:Burn patients typically have increased nutritional needs due to the high metabolic demands of healing. High-calorie, protein-rich snacks are usually recommended to support wound healing and overall recovery, rather than low-calorie options.

D. Maintain medical asepsis during dressing changes: For burn care, maintaining sterile technique is critical to prevent infection. Medical asepsis is generally not sufficient; sterile technique is required for dressing changes to reduce the risk of infection.

A. Barley B. Rye C. Rice D. Wheat

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Barley:

Barley is a grain that contains gluten. Foods made from barley, such as barley flour or barley-based products like bread, cereal, or beer, should be avoided by individuals with celiac disease because gluten can trigger an immune response that damages the small intestine.

B. Rye:

Similar to barley, rye is another grain that contains gluten. Foods made from rye, such as rye bread or rye-based cereals, should also be avoided by individuals with celiac disease because they can trigger adverse reactions due to gluten.

C. Rice:

Rice is a gluten-free grain and is safe for individuals with celiac disease to consume. It does not contain gluten proteins that can cause intestinal damage or trigger immune responses in those with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease.

D. Wheat:

Wheat is a major source of gluten and should be strictly avoided by individuals with celiac disease. Foods made from wheat, such as wheat bread, pasta, or baked goods, can lead to symptoms and intestinal damage in individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.

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A nurse is collecting data from an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select the 3 that apply.)

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