A nurse is conducting a Romberg test as part of a patient’s physical assessment. Which of the following methods should the nurse employ?

Touch the patient’s face with a cotton ball.

Apply a vibrating tuning fork to the patient’s forehead.

Have the patient stand with their arms at their sides and their feet together.

Perform direct percussion over the area of the kidneys.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

Touching the patient’s face with a cotton ball is not part of the Romberg test. This action is more commonly associated with tests of facial sensation.

Choice B rationale

Applying a vibrating tuning fork to the patient’s forehead is not part of the Romberg test. This action is more commonly associated with tests of vibratory sensation.

Choice C rationale

Having the patient stand with their arms at their sides and their feet together is the correct method for conducting a Romberg test.

Choice D rationale

Performing direct percussion over the area of the kidneys is not part of the Romberg test. This action is more commonly associated with tests of kidney function or the presence of kidney disease.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Placing a pillow under the patient’s knees can actually increase the risk of plantar flexion contractures by keeping the foot in a flexed position.

Choice B rationale

Positioning a trochanter roll under each of the patient’s hips would not directly prevent plantar flexion contractures. Trochanter rolls are typically used to maintain alignment and prevent external rotation of the hip.

Choice C rationale

Advising the patient to wear rubber-soled slippers would not directly prevent plantar flexion contractures. While rubber-soled slippers can provide safety benefits such as preventing slips and falls, they do not have a direct impact on the prevention of contractures.

Choice D rationale

Applying an ankle-foot orthotic device to the patient’s feet can help maintain the foot in a neutral position, thereby reducing the risk of developing plantar flexion contractures.

A. Walking briskly B. Riding a bicycle C. Performing isometric exercises D. Engaging in high-impact aerobics

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Walking briskly is a weight-bearing exercise that is essential for maintaining bone mass, which can help to prevent osteoporosis. Regular weight-bearing exercise, such as a 20-30-minute aerobic exercise, 3 times a week, is recommended for older adults at risk for osteoporosis.

Choice B rationale

Riding a bicycle is a non-weight-bearing exercise. While it can contribute to overall fitness and health, it does not provide the same benefits for bone health as weight-bearing exercises like walking.

Choice C rationale

Performing isometric exercises can help to strengthen muscles, but these exercises do not have the same impact on bone health as weight-bearing exercises.

Choice D rationale

Engaging in high-impact aerobics can be beneficial for bone health, but it may not be suitable for an older adult at risk for osteoporosis due to the increased risk of injury.

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