A nurse is developing an educational program about hemolytic disease in newborns for a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following genetic information should the nurse include in the program as a cause of hemolytic disease?

Choice A rationale:
Telangiectatic nevi are commonly known as "stork bites”. or "angel kisses”. and are superficial vascular areas commonly found on the nape of the neck or the eyelids of newborns? These are benign and pose no significant health risks.

Choice B rationale:
Erythema toxicum is a common, benign skin rash that appears in the first few days of life. It presents as small, raised red spots with a surrounding halo and is not related to a nuchal cord.

Choice C rationale:
Periauricular papillomas, also known as "ear tags,”. are small, skin-coloured nodules that can be found near the external ear. They are also benign and unrelated to a nuchal cord.

Choice D rationale:
Facial petechiae are tiny, red or purple pinpoint spots on the skin caused by minor haemorrhages. In newborns, facial petechiae can be associated with a nuchal cord, which is a condition where the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck during delivery. This condition is relatively common and usually resolves without complications. The nurse should monitor the baby for any signs of distress or complications related to the nuchal cord.

Choice A rationale:

Scant, bright red spotting during early pregnancy can be a normal finding known as implantation bleeding, which occurs when the embryo attaches to the uterus. It is generally not a cause for concern unless it becomes heavy and is accompanied by severe pain.

Choice B rationale:

Elevated hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) levels during the first trimester are a normal part of a healthy pregnancy. hCG levels peak around 10-12 weeks of gestation and then gradually decrease. A consistent increase in hCG levels is usually a positive sign of a progressing pregnancy.

Choice C rationale:

Cervical dilation during the first trimester, especially when the client is only at 12 weeks of gestation, is not normal and may indicate an imminent spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). This finding should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider for further assessment and management.

Choice D rationale:

Slight abdominal cramps can be a normal symptom during early pregnancy as the uterus undergoes changes and expands. However, unless they are severe and accompanied by other concerning signs such as heavy bleeding, they are not necessarily indicative of an imminent spontaneous abortion.