A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client education?
Pancreatic cancers are classified as either endocrine pancreatic cancer or exocrine pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer typically develops from a polyp
The pancreas location increases the risk that cancer will spread into nearby structures and blood vessels
Pancreatic Cancer is distinguished based on the layers of the pancreas.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The subdivision of pancreatic tumors into endocrine versus exocrine reflects their cell of origin (islet cells versus ductal cells) rather than conveying information about how the cancer behaves in situ or its propensity for local invasion and metastasis
B. Unlike some other cancers (e.g., colorectal cancer), pancreatic cancer does not typically develop from polyps. Most cases of pancreatic cancer develop from the pancreatic ductal cells (the cells lining the ducts of the pancreas), and the disease is typically aggressive and diagnosed at a later stage.
C. Because the pancreas lies deep in the retroperitoneum directly adjacent to major vessels like the superior mesenteric artery and portal vein, tumors often extend into these structures early, contributing to the high rate of advanced disease at diagnosis
D. Pancreatic cancer is not distinguished based on layers. Instead, it is generally categorized based on the type of cells it affects (e.g., ductal cells in exocrine pancreatic cancer). The staging of pancreatic cancer is based on factors like tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis, rather than the layers of the pancreas.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Tanning beds significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer, particularly melanoma. The UV radiation from tanning beds is a known carcinogen, and frequent use can damage the skin's DNA, leading to an increased risk of skin cancer. This individual is at high risk and should definitely follow up for skin cancer screenings.
B. While freckles can be a sign of sun exposure, they are not necessarily indicative of a higher risk of skin cancer. However, it is important for this individual to monitor for any changes in freckles (such as size, shape, or color) and to perform regular self-exams.
C. While sun exposure should be minimized, the risk of skin cancer is lower at 8 AM when UV rays are less intense. That said, the individual should still take precautions like wearing sunscreen and protective clothing, but their risk is not as elevated as that of someone using tanning beds.
D. Tanning sprays do not expose the skin to harmful UV radiation, so they do not increase the risk of skin cancer. However, it's important to note that this individual should still be mindful of overall skin health.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While monitoring for dysrhythmias is important for certain cardiovascular conditions, it is not the primary concern for an AAA. The management of blood pressure and preventing rupture are higher priorities.
B. While blood clots can be a concern in some cardiovascular conditions, thrombus formation is not a primary concern with AAA management unless other risk factors (such as venous stasis or atrial fibrillation) are present.
C. Monitoring for bleeding would be more relevant if the aneurysm were large or there were signs of rupture, but for a small AAA, the primary concern is managing blood pressure and preventing further enlargement. Bleeding monitoring is more critical in cases of rupture or larger aneurysms.
D. Antihypertensive medications are crucial for controlling blood pressure and preventing further stress on the aneurysm. Adherence to these medications is essential in managing the condition medically to reduce the risk of rupture or further enlargement of the aneurysm.
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