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Which stage of the HIV lifecycle involves the virus attaching to the host cell membrane?

A.

Binding

B.

Integration

C.

Fusion

D.

Reverse Transcription

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Binding is the initial step where the HIV virus attaches to the CD4 receptor on the host cell's surface. This interaction is crucial for the subsequent entry of the virus into the host cell.  
B. Integration occurs later in the lifecycle, after the virus has entered the host cell and its RNA is converted to DNA.  
C. Fusion refers to the process where the viral envelope fuses with the host cell membrane to allow entry into the cell, which follows the binding stage.  
D. Reverse Transcription is the process of converting viral RNA into DNA after the virus has entered the host cell, and is not involved in the attachment phase.
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Furosemide is a diuretic and is not indicated in the acute management of anaphylaxis.
B. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid that may be used later to reduce inflammation but is not the first-line treatment in anaphylaxis.
C. Dobutamine is a medication used to treat heart failure and shock but does not address the acute allergic reaction.
D. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock, as it acts quickly to reverse severe allergic reactions by causing vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and inhibiting further release of mediators from mast cells.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hepatitis is a concern for individuals with HIV, but it is not specifically indicated by a low CD4-T-cell count.
B. A CD4-T-cell count of 150/mm³ indicates severe immunosuppression, making the client highly susceptible to opportunistic infections like tuberculosis, which is common in individuals with HIV.
C. While gonorrhea is a risk for sexually active individuals, it is not specifically related to the low CD4-T-cell count.
D. Chlamydia is also a sexually transmitted infection, but similar to gonorrhea, it is not directly linked to the immunocompromised state indicated by the CD4-T-cell count.

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