A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Prostatic cancer

Colon cancer

Liver cancer

Breast cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: An increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is primarily indicative of prostatic conditions, including prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels can be a sign of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatitis. It is an important marker used in the screening and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Choice B reason: Colon cancer does not typically result in elevated PSA levels. Instead, colon cancer is often associated with markers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PSA is specific to prostate tissue, and its elevation is not related to colon cancer.
Choice C reason: Liver cancer is not associated with increased PSA levels. Liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and imaging studies are more relevant in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver cancer. PSA levels do not provide information about liver cancer.
Choice D reason: Breast cancer does not affect PSA levels. Breast cancer markers include CA 15-3, CA 27.29, and others specific to breast tissue. PSA is a prostate-specific marker and is not used in the context of breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Securing the drain to the client's bed sheet is not appropriate as it does not ensure the drain is properly secured and could lead to accidental dislodgement.
Choice B reason: Measuring the drainage every hour for the first 8 hours is not standard practice. Usually, drainage measurement frequency is less frequent unless there are specific clinical concerns.
Choice C reason: Removing the JP drain should be done according to medical orders, and typically the nurse would not make the decision independently. The JP drain is usually removed when the output decreases to a minimal level and the surgeon orders its removal.
Choice D reason: Expelling the air from the JP bulb after emptying is the correct action to re-establish suction, which is necessary for the drain to function effectively.

A. Tenderness in the left upper abdomen B. Fatty stools C. Straw-colored urine D. Ecchymosis of the extremities

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Tenderness in the left upper abdomen is not typically associated with an obstruction of the common bile duct. Pain and tenderness would more commonly be located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, where the liver and gallbladder are situated.
Choice B reason: Fatty stools (steatorrhea) are a common finding in bile duct obstruction. The lack of bile entering the intestine prevents the digestion and absorption of fats, leading to pale, greasy stools that float.
Choice C reason: Straw-colored urine is normal and does not indicate a bile duct obstruction. In cases of bile duct obstruction, the urine is often dark-colored due to the excretion of bilirubin.
Choice D reason: Ecchymosis of the extremities is not related to bile duct obstruction and is more indicative of bleeding disorders or trauma.

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following an open cholecystectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when caring for the client's Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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