A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Prostatic cancer

Colon cancer

Liver cancer

Breast cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: An increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is primarily indicative of prostatic conditions, including prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels can be a sign of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatitis. It is an important marker used in the screening and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Choice B reason: Colon cancer does not typically result in elevated PSA levels. Instead, colon cancer is often associated with markers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PSA is specific to prostate tissue, and its elevation is not related to colon cancer.
Choice C reason: Liver cancer is not associated with increased PSA levels. Liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and imaging studies are more relevant in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver cancer. PSA levels do not provide information about liver cancer.
Choice D reason: Breast cancer does not affect PSA levels. Breast cancer markers include CA 15-3, CA 27.29, and others specific to breast tissue. PSA is a prostate-specific marker and is not used in the context of breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Alcohol abuse is a well-known risk factor for acute pancreatitis. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to inflammation of the pancreas, causing acute episodes of pancreatitis. The harmful effects of alcohol on pancreatic cells and the disruption of digestive enzyme regulation contribute to this increased risk.
Choice B reason: Diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic conditions affecting various organs, but it is not a primary risk factor for acute pancreatitis. However, diabetes can develop as a complication of chronic pancreatitis.
Choice C reason: Congestive heart failure primarily affects the cardiovascular system and does not directly increase the risk for acute pancreatitis. The conditions are unrelated in terms of causation.
Choice D reason: Emphysema is a chronic lung condition and is not associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. The respiratory and pancreatic systems are generally impacted by different risk factors.

A. "I will have a glass of juice the morning of my surgery." B. "I will take time to relax if I get nervous the night before surgery." C. "I will be able to eat solid food when I wake up from anesthesia." D. "I understand what risks to expect with this surgery."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Having a glass of juice the morning of surgery may not be allowed, depending on the preoperative fasting guidelines. This statement could indicate a need for further clarification on preoperative instructions, but it is less critical than the misconception about eating solid food postoperatively.
Choice B reason: Taking time to relax if nervous the night before surgery is a healthy coping mechanism and does not indicate a lack of understanding about the surgery.
Choice C reason: The belief that the client will be able to eat solid food immediately after waking up from anesthesia is incorrect and indicates a need for further teaching. Postoperative dietary restrictions are typically in place, starting with clear liquids and gradually progressing to solid foods as tolerated.
Choice D reason: Understanding the risks associated with the surgery indicates that the client has received and comprehended the relevant information about the procedure.

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which finding in the patient's history increases the risk for acute pancreatitis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to a client who is to undergo an open bowel resection at 1300 next week. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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