A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Prostatic cancer

Colon cancer

Liver cancer

Breast cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: An increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is primarily indicative of prostatic conditions, including prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels can be a sign of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatitis. It is an important marker used in the screening and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Choice B reason: Colon cancer does not typically result in elevated PSA levels. Instead, colon cancer is often associated with markers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PSA is specific to prostate tissue, and its elevation is not related to colon cancer.
Choice C reason: Liver cancer is not associated with increased PSA levels. Liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and imaging studies are more relevant in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver cancer. PSA levels do not provide information about liver cancer.
Choice D reason: Breast cancer does not affect PSA levels. Breast cancer markers include CA 15-3, CA 27.29, and others specific to breast tissue. PSA is a prostate-specific marker and is not used in the context of breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Encouraging increased fluid intake is not appropriate for clients with acute glomerulonephritis as it can exacerbate fluid retention and hypertension, worsening the condition.
Choice B reason: Frequent ambulation is generally beneficial for overall health but is not a specific intervention for managing acute glomerulonephritis.
Choice C reason: Administering antibiotics is essential if the acute glomerulonephritis is caused by a bacterial infection, such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Treating the underlying infection can help resolve the kidney inflammation.
Choice D reason: Obtaining weight weekly is insufficient for monitoring fluid balance in acute glomerulonephritis. Daily weights are more appropriate to closely monitor fluid retention and adjust treatment as needed.

A. "I clean the inside of the container with a wipe." B. "I urinate a little then stop." C. "I'll use the cleansing wipe from front to back." D. "I'll use each cleansing wipe twice."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Cleaning the inside of the container with a wipe is not a part of the standard procedure for collecting a midstream urine sample. The focus should be on maintaining external cleanliness to avoid contamination of the sample, rather than cleaning the container itself.
Choice B reason: Urinating a little then stopping, while part of the process, is not enough information to indicate a complete understanding of the procedure. The more critical aspect is how the client cleans and collects the sample to ensure it is not contaminated.
Choice C reason: Using the cleansing wipe from front to back is the correct procedure for collecting a midstream urine sample. This method helps prevent contamination from bacteria that could be present around the genital area, ensuring a more accurate sample for analysis.
Choice D reason: Using each cleansing wipe twice is not advised. It can lead to contamination as the same wipe might transfer bacteria instead of eliminating them. It is essential to use a new wipe for each part of the cleaning process to maintain hygiene and ensure the accuracy of the urine sample.

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is planning care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse instructs a female client about collecting a midstream urine sample. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the procedure?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Which condition causes the formation of biliary sludge?

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

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