A nurse is examining a client with diastolic dysfunction. Upon auscultation using the bell of the stethoscope the nurse hears a late diastolic heart sound at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line. Based on these findings and the clients history, the nurse would recognize this extra heart sound is most likely what?

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. S1: S1 is the first heart sound, heard at the beginning of systole, and is not related to diastolic dysfunction.

B. S4: This is the correct answer. An S4 sound is heard late in diastole, often due to increased resistance to filling during diastole, which is typical in diastolic dysfunction.

C. S3: An S3 is a low-pitched sound heard early in diastole, typically associated with systolic dysfunction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

D. S2: S2 is the second heart sound, heard during the end of systole and is not associated with diastolic dysfunction.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. P wave touching the T wave can indicate an issue but is less urgent than chest pain.

B. Midsternal chest pain could indicate myocardial ischemia or infarction, requiring immediate intervention.

C. Increased urine output is not an urgent concern in this context.

D. Mild orthostatic hypotension is not as urgent as chest pain.

A. Base deficit (HCO3): Acidosis B. Acid excess (CO2): Acidosis C. Base excess (HCO3): Alkalosis D. Acid deficit (CO2): Alkalosis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Base deficit (HCO3): Acidosis: A base deficit indicates metabolic acidosis, but respiratory acidosis is more likely with the high rate of ventilation.

B. Acid excess (CO2): Acidosis: This is the correct answer. A high respiratory rate can lead to hyperventilation, decreasing CO2 levels and causing respiratory alkalosis, which may be a concern with an elevated rate.

C. Base excess (HCO3): Alkalosis: This would indicate metabolic alkalosis, but it is not as related to ventilator settings.

D. Acid deficit (CO2): Alkalosis: If the CO2 level is too low due to hyperventilation, this can lead to alkalosis, which the nurse is questioning here.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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