After starting the treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus 6 months earlier, a client is in the office for a follow-up examination. The nurse will monitor which laboratory test to evaluate the clients adherence to the antidiabetic therapy over the past few months?
Serum insulin levels
Hemoglobin levels
Hemoglobin A1C level
Fingerstick fasting blood glucose level
The Correct Answer is C
A. Serum insulin levels reflects short-term insulin secretion but does not indicate long-term glucose control.
B. Hemoglobin levels relate to anemia, not glucose control.
C. Hemoglobin A1C level reflects the average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months, providing an excellent measure of long-term control.
D. Fingerstick fasting blood glucose level reflects glucose levels at the moment of testing, not long-term control.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypercalcemia (Calcium > 10.5 mg/dL) can lead to shortened QT intervals, not prolonged ones, and is unlikely to cause Torsades de Pointes.
B. A magnesium level of 3.1 mEq/L is slightly elevated and would not contribute to QT prolongation or Torsades de Pointes. In fact, magnesium supplementation is a treatment for this condition.
C. Hypokalemia (Potassium < 3.5 mEq/L) can prolong the QT interval and contribute to dysrhythmias, but it is less commonly a direct cause of Torsades de Pointes compared to hypomagnesemia. A potassium level of 2.6 mEq/L is low but would not typically result in Torsades without coexisting hypomagnesemia.
D. Hypomagnesemia (Magnesium < 1.5 mEq/L) disrupts the heart's electrical activity, prolonging the QT interval and increasing the risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, like Torsades de Pointes. Magnesium is critical for stabilizing myocardial electrical conduction, and a value of 1.1 mEq/L indicates significant deficiency, consistent with this dysrhythmia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. S1: S1 is the first heart sound, heard at the beginning of systole, and is not related to diastolic dysfunction.
B. S4: This is the correct answer. An S4 sound is heard late in diastole, often due to increased resistance to filling during diastole, which is typical in diastolic dysfunction.
C. S3: An S3 is a low-pitched sound heard early in diastole, typically associated with systolic dysfunction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
D. S2: S2 is the second heart sound, heard during the end of systole and is not associated with diastolic dysfunction.
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