A nurse is explaining ethics and values to a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should explain that allowing a client to make a decision about a treatment is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

Confidentiality

Nonmaleficence

Accountability

Autonomy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Confidentiality: Confidentiality refers to the duty to respect and protect the client's private information and not disclose it without the client's consent or appropriate legal authorization.

B. Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence means "do no harm." It is the ethical principle that requires healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to their clients and to balance potential benefits with possible risks.

C. Accountability: Accountability is the ethical principle that refers to the responsibility of healthcare professionals to answer for their actions and decisions in providing care to clients.

D. Autonomy: Correct. Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects a person's right to make their own decisions and about their healthcare. Allowing a client to make decisions about their treatment plan is an example of promoting autonomy and respecting their right to
selfdetermination.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "This can help prevent nausea." Turning, coughing, and deep breathing exercises are not primarily aimed at preventing nausea. These exercises are designed to maintain lung function and prevent respiratory complications.
B. "This can help prevent pneumonia." Correct. Turning, coughing, and deep breathing exercises are essential postoperative activities that help prevent the development of pneumonia by promoting lung expansion, clearing mucus, and preventing atelectasis.
C. "I should do this every 4 hours." The frequency of turning, coughing, and deep breathing exercises may vary based on individual client needs and surgical procedures. This statement does not demonstrate a specific understanding of the appropriate timing for these exercises.
D. "I should do this to keep my heart from beating too fast." Turning, coughing, and deep breathing exercises are not directly related to heart rate regulation. They are focused on lung expansion and airway clearance.

A. Explain the negative consequences of the refusal. B. Discuss with the client's partner why the treatment is necessary. C. Document the client's refusal of the treatment. D. Try to convince the client that the treatment is needed.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A: While explaining the negative consequences of refusal is important, it may not change the client's decision, and respect for the client's autonomy must be upheld.
B: Discussing the treatment with the client's partner without the client's consent may breach patient confidentiality and privacy.
C: Correct. The nurse should document the client's refusal of the medical treatment in the client's medical record. This documentation is essential for legal and ethical purposes and to ensure that the refusal is adequately communicated to the healthcare team.
D: Trying to convince the client to undergo the treatment is not appropriate and may violate the principle of informed consent. The client has the right to refuse treatment after being adequately informed of the risks and benefits.

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A nurse is explaining ethics and values to a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should explain that allowing a client to make a decision about a treatment is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing preoperative teaching with a client about how to turn, cough, and deep breathe. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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