A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?
Vasodilation and increased sodium excretion
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity
Enhanced nitric oxide production
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is often vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention, leading to elevated blood pressure.
B) Correct answer. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key mechanism in hypertension. It leads to vasoconstriction and increased water and sodium retention, elevating blood pressure.
C) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, sympathetic nervous system activity is often increased, not decreased.
D) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is reduced nitric oxide production, which contributes to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) This option is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy is not directly associated with hypertensive nephropathy.
B) This option is incorrect. Hypertensive nephropathy primarily affects the kidneys and does not directly impair liver function.
C) This option is incorrect. Heart valve abnormalities are not typical complications of hypertensive nephropathy.
D) Correct answer. Hypertensive nephropathy refers to kidney damage caused by chronic high blood pressure. It can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a progressive loss of kidney function over time.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is often vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention, leading to elevated blood pressure.
B) Correct answer. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key mechanism in hypertension. It leads to vasoconstriction and increased water and sodium retention, elevating blood pressure.
C) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, sympathetic nervous system activity is often increased, not decreased.
D) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is reduced nitric oxide production, which contributes to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.
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