A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?

Vasodilation and increased sodium excretion

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity

Enhanced nitric oxide production

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is often vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention, leading to elevated blood pressure.

B) Correct answer. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key mechanism in hypertension. It leads to vasoconstriction and increased water and sodium retention, elevating blood pressure.

C) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, sympathetic nervous system activity is often increased, not decreased.

D) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is reduced nitric oxide production, which contributes to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can lead to kidney damage, it does not directly cause liver dysfunction.

B) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can impact blood vessels in the eyes, leading to hypertensive retinopathy, it does not increase the risk of cataracts.

C) This option is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy is not a common complication of hypertension. Heart failure is a potential complication, but it is not directly related to peripheral neuropathy.

D) Correct answer. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to various complications, including stroke (brain damage due to reduced blood flow), heart attack (damage to the heart muscle), and kidney damage (nephrosclerosis). These are among the most serious and common complications of hypertension.

A. "Salt substitutes are low in sodium and can be used freely to season your meals." B. "Use salt substitutes with caution, as they may contain potassium, which can interact with certain medications." C. "Salt substitutes are not effective in reducing blood pressure; you should avoid them altogether." D. "Replace regular table salt with salt substitutes to maintain the same level of sodium intake."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) This option is incorrect. While salt substitutes are often low in sodium, they may contain other minerals like potassium. Using them freely without considering their composition can have adverse effects.

B) Correct answer. Salt substitutes often contain potassium chloride as a replacement for sodium chloride. Clients taking certain medications, especially potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements, should use salt substitutes with caution to avoid excessive potassium intake.

C) This option is incorrect. Some salt substitutes can effectively reduce sodium intake and contribute to blood pressure management when used appropriately.

D) This option is incorrect. Replacing regular table salt with salt substitutes may lead to increased potassium intake, which can be problematic for individuals taking medications that affect potassium levels. The client should use salt substitutes with caution and consult their healthcare provider if they have any concerns.

Questions

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A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with hypertension asks the nurse about the potential complications of uncontrolled high blood pressure. How should the nurse respond?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with hypertension asks the nurse about the role of salt substitutes in managing blood pressure. What should the nurse advise the client?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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