A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?

Vasodilation and increased sodium excretion

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity

Enhanced nitric oxide production

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is often vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention, leading to elevated blood pressure.

B) Correct answer. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key mechanism in hypertension. It leads to vasoconstriction and increased water and sodium retention, elevating blood pressure.

C) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, sympathetic nervous system activity is often increased, not decreased.

D) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is reduced nitric oxide production, which contributes to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can lead to kidney damage, it does not directly cause liver dysfunction.

B) This option is incorrect. While hypertension can impact blood vessels in the eyes, leading to hypertensive retinopathy, it does not increase the risk of cataracts.

C) This option is incorrect. Peripheral neuropathy is not a common complication of hypertension. Heart failure is a potential complication, but it is not directly related to peripheral neuropathy.

D) Correct answer. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to various complications, including stroke (brain damage due to reduced blood flow), heart attack (damage to the heart muscle), and kidney damage (nephrosclerosis). These are among the most serious and common complications of hypertension.

A. "Nosebleeds are unrelated to hypertension; they may be caused by dry air or nasal irritation." B. "Occasional nosebleeds are common in individuals with hypertension and may indicate worsening of your condition." C. "Nosebleeds are an early warning sign of hypertensive crisis, and you should go to the emergency room immediately." D. "Nosebleeds are usually indicative of severe hypertension and may lead to life-threatening complications."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Correct answer. Occasional nosebleeds are typically unrelated to hypertension and are commonly caused by dry air, nasal irritation, or other factors.

B) This option is incorrect. While nosebleeds can occur in individuals with hypertension, they are not specific to hypertension and do not necessarily indicate worsening of the condition.

C) This option is incorrect. Nosebleeds are not an early warning sign of hypertensive crisis. Severe headache, shortness of breath, and neurological symptoms are more indicative of hypertensive crisis.

D) This option is incorrect. Nosebleeds, in isolation, are not usually indicative of severe hypertension. However, chronic uncontrolled hypertension can lead to target organ damage and potentially life-threatening complications.

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A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with hypertension asks the nurse about the potential complications of uncontrolled high blood pressure. How should the nurse respond?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with hypertension reports occasional episodes of nosebleeds. What information should the nurse provide to the client regarding this symptom?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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