A nurse is finalizing preparations for a patient going to surgery in 30 minutes. Which of the following tasks should be the nurse's top priority?

Ensure that there is an incentive spirometer ready for when the patient gets to the PACU to help prevent atelectasis.

Provide preoperative teaching about preventing blood clots after surgery.

Report to the provider that the patient has allergies to sardines.

Administer the ordered preoperative intravenous antibiotic.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Ensuring an incentive spirometer is available is important for postoperative care to prevent atelectasis, but it is not the priority immediately before surgery.
B. Preoperative teaching is valuable but should ideally be completed earlier in the care process. Last-minute teaching may overwhelm the patient or delay critical interventions.
C. Reporting allergies is essential, but if the allergy to sardines does not pertain to the current surgical plan or medications, it is not the immediate priority in this situation.
D. Administering the preoperative intravenous antibiotic is the top priority because it helps reduce the risk of surgical site infections. Timing of preoperative antibiotics is critical to their effectiveness.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that typically causes the loss of potassium through the urine, thus putting clients at risk for hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
B. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body retain potassium. As a result, it can lead to hyperkalemia, especially in patients with kidney dysfunction or when used with other medications that increase potassium levels.
C. Sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium in the intestines, thus lowering potassium levels. It does not contribute to hyperkalemia.
D. Insulin does not directly cause hyperkalemia; in fact, insulin administration can lower potassium levels by driving potassium into cells.

A. Hemoglobin A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) of 7.2 B. Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl C. Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl. D. Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hemoglobin A1C of 7.2 is diagnostic for diabetes. An A1C of 6.5% or higher is diagnostic for diabetes, as it reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
B. Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl is within the normal range (70-99 mg/dl). A fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.
C. Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl is within the normal range (less than 140 mg/dl after a glucose tolerance test). A two-hour plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.
D. Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl is within the normal range. A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher, along with symptoms of hyperglycemia, would be diagnostic for diabetes.

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A nurse is finalizing preparations for a patient going to surgery in 30 minutes. Which of the following tasks should be the nurse's top priority?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts a client at risk for developing hyperkalemia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse in a clinic is reviewing laboratory results for a patient suspected of having undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Which of the following results would be diagnostic for diabetes?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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