A nurse is providing education to a patient being treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim) and phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for a urinary tract infection. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should drink 1 to 2 glasses of fluid a day to help flush the bacteria out."
"My medication may discolor my urine, this should resolve once the medication is stopped."
"I should stop taking my medications once symptoms have resolved."
"These medications are given to treat fungal infections."
The Correct Answer is B
A. The patient should increase fluid intake to 6 to 8 glasses of water daily, not 1 to 2 glasses, to help flush bacteria out of the urinary tract.
B. Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) can cause orange or red discoloration of urine, which is a harmless and temporary side effect that resolves after the medication is stopped. This indicates the patient understands the teaching.
C. Stopping medications prematurely can lead to incomplete treatment of the infection and potential antibiotic resistance. Patients should complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics.
D. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim) is an antibacterial, and phenazopyridine is a urinary analgesic; neither medication is used to treat fungal infections.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. An inverted P wave is not typically associated with hypokalemia but may indicate other conduction abnormalities such as atrial ectopic rhythms.
B. A wide QRS complex is more commonly associated with hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia. It may also indicate other conduction delays or ventricular issues.
C. An elevated ST segment suggests myocardial injury or pericarditis, not hypokalemia.
D. A flattened T wave is a hallmark of hypokalemia. Low potassium levels affect the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle, leading to T wave flattening or inversion and, in severe cases, the presence of a U wave.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that typically causes the loss of potassium through the urine, thus putting clients at risk for hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
B. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body retain potassium. As a result, it can lead to hyperkalemia, especially in patients with kidney dysfunction or when used with other medications that increase potassium levels.
C. Sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium in the intestines, thus lowering potassium levels. It does not contribute to hyperkalemia.
D. Insulin does not directly cause hyperkalemia; in fact, insulin administration can lower potassium levels by driving potassium into cells.
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