A nurse is obtaining informed consent from a patient prior to surgery. Which of the following is necessary for informed consent to be valid?

The patient voluntarily agrees to the consent form.

Clarity of the surgical procedure consented to.

Documentation that treatment is provided.

The patient understands the surgical procedure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: While voluntary agreement is essential, understanding the procedure is the core of informed consent.

Choice B reason: Clarity is important, but it is not the sole requirement; the patient's understanding is crucial.

Choice C reason: Documentation is part of the process, but it does not replace the need for the patient's understanding.

Choice D reason: For informed consent to be valid, the patient must understand the nature and risks of the surgical procedure, which is the most critical aspect.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Cisapride is a prokinetic agent that increases gastrointestinal motility and is unlikely to cause constipation.

Choice B reason: Magnesium-containing antacids typically cause diarrhea rather than constipation.

Choice C reason: Opioid analgesics are known to slow gastrointestinal motility, which can lead to constipation, making this the correct answer.

Choice D reason: Statins are used to lower cholesterol and are not commonly associated with causing constipation.

Choice E reason: Anticholinergic/antispasmodic medications can cause constipation due to their action on the nervous system, which reduces muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract.

A. Peripheral edema B. Bradycardia C. Cyanosis D. Hypotension

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Peripheral edema is typically associated with ﬂuid overload, not hypovolemia, which is a decreased volume of circulating blood in the body.

Choice B reason: Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not commonly associated with hypovolemia. Tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, may occur as the body atempts to compensate for the reduced blood volume.

Choice C reason: Cyanosis, which is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, is not a direct sign of hypovolemia.

Choice D reason: Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a common finding in hypovolemia as there is less blood circulating through the body.

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A nurse is obtaining informed consent from a patient prior to surgery. Which of the following is necessary for informed consent to be valid?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

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