A nurse is performing a cardiac assessment. Identify where the nurse should place the stethoscope to auscultate the client's apical pulse. (You will find hot spots to select in the artwork below. Select only the hot spot that corresponds to your answer.)

right upper sternal border

left upper sternal border

left lower sternal border

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"xRanges":[234.765625,254.765625],"yRanges":[107.609375,127.609375]}

A.   The right upper sternal border is not the correct placement for auscultating the apical pulse. This location is more appropriate for assessing heart sounds related to the aortic valve.
B.   The left upper sternal border is not the correct placement for auscultating the apical pulse.
This location is more appropriate for assessing heart sounds related to the pulmonic valve.
C.   The left lower sternal border is not the correct placement for auscultating the apical pulse.
This location is more appropriate for assessing heart sounds related to the tricuspid valve.
D.   5th intercostal space, midclavicular line is the correct placement for auscultating the apical pulse. This location corresponds to the apex of the heart, which is where the apical pulse (also known as the point of maximum impulse or PMI) can be best heard.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. More difficulty seeing due to a greater sensitivity to glare is a common age-related change in vision.

B. Dehydration of intervertebral discs can occur with aging, leading to decreased flexibility and potentially contributing to back pain.

C. While systolic blood pressure may increase with age, decreased systolic blood pressure is not a typical age-related change.

D. Decreased cough reflex is an expected change, which can lead to an increased risk of respiratory infections in older adults.

E. Decreased bladder capacity is an expected age-related change due to changes in the bladder muscles and elasticity of the tissues. This can contribute to increased frequency of urination in older adults.

A. "Information about a client can be disclosed to family members at any time." B. "HIPAA is a federal law, not a state law." C. "A client's address would be an example of personally identifiable information." D. "HIPAA established regulations of individually identifiable health information in verbal, electronic, or written form."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This statement is incorrect. While HIPAA allows for certain disclosures to family members, it is important to follow specific guidelines and obtain appropriate consent or authorization from the client when sharing their health information. There are also circumstances where a client may request that information be withheld from certain family members.
B. This statement is correct. HIPAA is a federal law that establishes privacy standards for protected health information.
C. This statement is correct. A client's address is considered personally identifiable information under HIPAA.
D. The statement appears to be cut off. However, it is important to note that HIPAA does indeed establish regulations for protecting individually identifiable health information in various forms, including verbal, electronic, and written.

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A nurse is performing a cardiac assessment. Identify where the nurse should place the stethoscope to auscultate the client's apical pulse. (You will find hot spots to select in the artwork below. Select only the hot spot that corresponds to your answer.)

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

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