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A nurse is performing an assessment of a female client in the clinic. The client reports foul-smelling urine and pain with urination. The client states, "I bet I have a UTI. Why do I tend to get urinary tract infections?" Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the explanation?

"If you take too many showers, you are more susceptible to getting a UTI because you are washing o? the protective bacteria."

"As a female, you have a shorter urethra, creating an easier way for bacteria to invade your bladder."

"As a female, you have more E. coli in your gastrointestinal system that can enter the bladder through your urethra."

"At your age, you have more sexual intercourse than older females, making you more likely to get a UTI."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Taking too many showers does not increase susceptibility to UTIs by washing o? protective bacteria. This is a misconception.

Choice B reason: Females do have a shorter urethra than males, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder and cause infections.

Choice C reason: While E. coli is a common bacteria causing UTIs, stating that females have more E. coli is incorrect and not a reason for increased UTIs.

Choice D reason: Sexual activity can increase the risk of UTIs, but it is not appropriate to assume that the client's age correlates with increased sexual activity.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Dizziness can be a symptom of DKA due to dehydration; however, it is not as specific as mental status changes.

Choice B reason: Nervousness is not a specific symptom of DKA and can be related to high blood glucose levels rather than DKA itself.

Choice C reason: Mental status changes such as confusion or altered consciousness are significant indicators of DKA and require immediate medical atention.

Choice D reason: Cool, clammy skin is not typically associated with DKA; instead, DKA can present with dry skin and mouth due to dehydration.

A. Black American B. Asian American C. Non-Hispanic White D. Hispanic/Latino

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Black Americans have been found to have a higher prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes mellitus compared to other ethnic groups. This is atributed to a combination of factors including higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and genetic predispositions that contribute to kidney damage.

Choice B reason: While Asian Americans do have a significant incidence of diabetes mellitus, they are not the group with the highest prevalence of ESRD due to diabetes. However, within the Asian American population, there are subgroups that have higher rates of ESRD, which may be in?uenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Choice C reason: Non-Hispanic Whites have a lower prevalence of ESRD due to diabetes mellitus when compared to Black Americans. However, they still constitute a significant portion of the ESRD population due to the larger size of this demographic group in the general population.

Choice D reason: Hispanic/Latinos also su?er from a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to ESRD. However, the rate of progression to ESRD due to diabetes is not as high as in the Black American population.

Socioeconomic factors and access to healthcare may in?uence these outcomes.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and has a blood glucose level of 550 mg/dL. Which of the following should the nurse assess the client for if diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is suspected?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who collapsed after playing football on a hot day. After reviewing the admission laboratory findings, the nurse recognizes that these findings are consistent with which of the following conditions?

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is caring for a male client who reports nausea and vomiting and is receiving IV fluid therapy. His blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is 32 mg/dL, creatinine is 1.1 mg/dL, and hematocrit is 50%. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate?

A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney disease about fluid restrictions. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse identify as understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is caring for a client in the clinic who has a distended bladder with discomfort over the area and a sense of fullness. Which of the following tests should the nurse expect the health care provider to order to determine if the client has urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is gathering medical history from a client admited for pyelonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse expect the client to report when asked about their medical history?

A nurse is caring for a female client who has recurrent kidney stones and is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse report to the provider?

A nurse is caring for a group of clients who have been diagnosed with urinary retention. Which of the following underlying conditions place these clients at risk for urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)