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A nurse is performing an assessment of a female client in the clinic. The client reports foul-smelling urine and pain with urination. The client states, "I bet I have a UTI. Why do I tend to get urinary tract infections?" Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the explanation?

"If you take too many showers, you are more susceptible to getting a UTI because you are washing o? the protective bacteria."

"As a female, you have a shorter urethra, creating an easier way for bacteria to invade your bladder."

"As a female, you have more E. coli in your gastrointestinal system that can enter the bladder through your urethra."

"At your age, you have more sexual intercourse than older females, making you more likely to get a UTI."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Taking too many showers does not increase susceptibility to UTIs by washing o? protective bacteria. This is a misconception.

Choice B reason: Females do have a shorter urethra than males, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder and cause infections.

Choice C reason: While E. coli is a common bacteria causing UTIs, stating that females have more E. coli is incorrect and not a reason for increased UTIs.

Choice D reason: Sexual activity can increase the risk of UTIs, but it is not appropriate to assume that the client's age correlates with increased sexual activity.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Air embolism is a potential complication during hemodialysis, but it would likely present with more acute symptoms such as chest pain or difficulty breathing.

Choice B reason: Septicemia would typically present with fever and hypotension, not necessarily with headache, nausea, and restlessness.

Choice C reason: Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome can occur after hemodialysis, especially after the first treatment, and is characterized by symptoms such as headache, nausea, and restlessness.

Choice D reason: Peritonitis is a complication associated with peritoneal dialysis, not hemodialysis.

A. Iron B. Sodium C. Potassium D. Protein

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, and iron supplementation is often required to support red blood cell production.

Choice B reason: Sodium intake does not need to be increased with epoetin alfa therapy and should be monitored carefully in clients with chronic kidney disease.

Choice C reason: Potassium levels should be monitored in chronic kidney disease and not necessarily increased, as hyperkalemia can be a concern.

Choice D reason: Protein intake should be managed carefully in chronic kidney disease to avoid excess nitrogen waste, which can be difficult for damaged kidneys to filter.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client following his first hemodialysis treatment. The client reports a headache, nausea, and restlessness. The nurse should identify these findings as manifestations of which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. The nurse should instruct the client to increase dietary intake of which of the following substances?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome and is receiving high-dose corticosteroid therapy. For which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor?

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new arteriovenous fistula in the right forearm. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching as possible indications of venous insufficiency?

A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?

A client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD) presents to the emergency department with reports of a severe headache. Which of the following complications should the nurse expect?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has cystitis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

A nurse is caring for a client who will have blood sampling for serum creatinine level and asks what this test shows. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A nurse is teaching a client about self-administered peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A nurse removes a client's Foley catheter and documents that the client urinates 4 hours later. Which of the following elements of postoperative care is the nurse performing?