A nurse is preparing a presentation at a senior center about age-related musculoskeletal changes. Which of the following changes should the nurse plan to include?
Reduced chest width
Increased force of isometric contraction
Decreased muscle mass
Thickened vertebral discs
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Reduced chest width: Aging does not typically result in a reduced chest width. Instead, changes in posture and the curvature of the spine can make the chest appear less prominent. The primary musculoskeletal changes with aging involve bone density, muscle mass, and joint flexibility
Choice B reason:
Increased force of isometric contraction: This is incorrect. Aging is associated with a decrease in muscle strength and mass, not an increase. The force of muscle contractions generally diminishes with age due to the loss of muscle fibers and changes in muscle composition.
Choice C reason:
Decreased muscle mass: This is correct. One of the most significant age-related musculoskeletal changes is sarcopenia, which is the loss of muscle mass and strength. This process begins around the age of 30 and accelerates with age, leading to decreased physical strength and increased risk of falls and fractures.
Choice D reason:
Thickened vertebral discs: Aging typically leads to the thinning and dehydration of intervertebral discs, not thickening. This can result in a reduction in height and increased susceptibility to spinal issues such as herniated discs and spinal stenosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Saying “Maybe next time you can have a vaginal delivery” is not supportive and may minimize the client’s current feelings of disappointment. It is important to acknowledge and validate the client’s emotions rather than focusing on future possibilities.
Choice B reason:
This response, “It sounds like you are feeling sad that things didn’t go as planned,” is empathetic and validates the client’s feelings. It shows that the nurse is listening and understands the client’s disappointment, which is crucial for emotional support.
Choice C reason:
While it is true that having a healthy baby is important, saying “At least you know you have a healthy baby” can come across as dismissive of the client’s feelings. It is essential to address the client’s emotions directly rather than shifting the focus.
Choice D reason:
Telling the client “You can resume sensations sooner than if you had delivered vaginally” is not relevant to the client’s expressed feelings of disappointment about not having a natural childbirth. This response does not address the emotional aspect of the client’s experience.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Generalized Urticaria
Generalized urticaria, or widespread hives, is a common sign of an allergic transfusion reaction. This reaction occurs when the recipient’s immune system reacts to proteins in the donor blood. Symptoms can range from mild, such as itching and hives, to severe, including anaphylaxis. Immediate intervention typically involves stopping the transfusion and administering antihistamines.
Choice B reason: Distended Jugular Veins
Distended jugular veins are not indicative of an allergic transfusion reaction. This finding is more commonly associated with conditions such as congestive heart failure or fluid overload. In the context of a blood transfusion, it could suggest circulatory overload rather than an allergic reaction.
Choice C reason: Blood Pressure 184/92 mm Hg
An elevated blood pressure reading, such as 184/92 mm Hg, is not specific to an allergic transfusion reaction. While blood pressure changes can occur during a transfusion, they are not a hallmark of an allergic response. This finding could be related to other factors, such as anxiety or pre-existing hypertension.
Choice D reason: Bilateral Flank Pain
Bilateral flank pain is not a typical symptom of an allergic transfusion reaction. This symptom is more commonly associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions, where the recipient’s immune system attacks the donor red blood cells, leading to hemolysis and subsequent kidney pain.
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