A nurse is providing care to a client who has a history of asthma. The client presents with influenza symptoms that started the previous day. The provider orders an influenza test and prescribes an oral antiviral with instructions to begin the treatment as soon as possible. The client asks the nurse whether they can take the antiviral before the lab results are back. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

A. Smoking tobacco: Tobacco smoking is the most common risk factor for emphysema. Smoking leads to chronic inflammation and damage to the alveoli, which are key characteristics of emphysema.

B. Asthma: Although asthma can contribute to chronic respiratory issues, it is not the most common risk factor for emphysema. Emphysema is primarily linked to smoking rather than asthma.

C. Between 20 to 30 years of age: Emphysema is more commonly associated with older age, typically developing over many years of exposure to risk factors such as smoking. It is not primarily linked to being in the 20 to 30 age range.

D. Pollution: While air pollution can contribute to respiratory diseases, smoking is the most significant risk factor for emphysema. Pollution alone is less commonly the primary cause.

A. Repeating the same question over and over: This behavior might indicate confusion or lack of understanding but is not a typical anticipated outcome of education. Effective education should lead to better understanding rather than repeated questions.

B. Awareness of COPD manifestations: An anticipated outcome of education for a client with COPD is increased awareness of their condition and its manifestations. This knowledge helps the client manage their symptoms and recognize exacerbations early.

C. Anxiety and restlessness: While some anxiety might be present, effective education aims to reduce anxiety by providing information and strategies for managing COPD. The goal is to increase confidence and knowledge, which can help mitigate anxiety.

D. Motivation and engagement of the client: While motivation and engagement are positive outcomes, they are not the primary focus of initial educational interventions. The primary goal is to ensure that the client is aware of their condition and understands how to manage it effectively.