A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient with ulcerative colitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Include high-fat foods to maintain weight

Eat three large meals a day to ensure adequate nutrition

Increase intake of dairy products to boost calcium levels.

Consume a low-fiber diet to minimize bowel irritation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Include high-fat foods to maintain weight. High-fat foods can worsen symptoms in ulcerative colitis by increasing bowel irritation and causing malabsorption. A balanced diet that is low in fat is usually recommended.

B. Eat three large meals a day to ensure adequate nutrition. Large meals can increase digestive workload and exacerbate symptoms. Smaller, more frequent meals are generally better tolerated.

C. Increase intake of dairy products to boost calcium levels. Many patients with ulcerative colitis are lactose intolerant or sensitive to dairy, which can worsen symptoms. Calcium can be obtained from other sources if needed.

D. Consume a low-fiber diet to minimize bowel irritation. A low-fiber diet can reduce mechanical irritation in the bowel, which is beneficial during flare-ups of ulcerative colitis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Stroke: The sudden onset of one-sided weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, and severe headache are classic symptoms of an acute stroke, where blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, leading to neurological deficits.

B. Migraine: While migraines can cause headache and some neurological symptoms, they usually include visual disturbances, nausea, or photophobia rather than one-sided weakness and numbness.

C. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia can cause confusion, weakness, and headache, but it typically lacks the focal neurological symptoms, like one-sided weakness and numbness.

D. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A TIA can cause similar symptoms, but the deficits are usually transient and resolve within 24 hours without lasting neurological damage. Persistent symptoms are more indicative of a stroke.

A. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated B. Take antibiotics as prescribed until the course is complete C. Avoid all forms of physical activity until fully recovered D. Use throat lozenges as needed but avoid resting to prevent throat swelling

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. Staying hydrated is essential in managing viral pharyngitis to prevent dehydration, soothe the throat, and promote recovery.

B. Take antibiotics as prescribed until the course is complete. Antibiotics are not indicated for viral infections; they are only used for bacterial infections.

C. Avoid all forms of physical activity until fully recovered. While rest is recommended, light activities may be acceptable depending on the patient’s energy levels and symptoms. Total avoidance of all physical activity is unnecessary.

D. Use throat lozenges as needed but avoid resting to prevent throat swelling. Resting is beneficial to recovery. Throat lozenges may soothe irritation, but avoiding rest would be counterproductive.

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