A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who had a seizure disorder and is prescribed phenytoin (Dilantin).
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
(Select all that apply.).
Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
Brush your teeth gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush
Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace at all times.
Stop taking this medication if you develop a rash or fever.
Have your blood levels checked regularly as directed by your provider.
Correct Answer : B,C,E
The correct answer is B, C, and E.
Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an anticonvulsant medication that is used to control seizures.
It can have several side effects, some of which are serious and require medical attention.
Here are some explanations for each choice:.
A. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
This is wrong because grapefruit juice does not interact with phenytoin. However, grapefruit juice can affect the levels of other medications, such as statins, calcium channel blockers, and some antidepressants.
B. Brush your teeth gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush. This is right because phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of the gums that can lead to bleeding, infection, and difficulty chewing.
To prevent this, patients should practice good oral hygiene, avoid alcohol and tobacco, and see a dentist regularly.
A. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication B.
Brush your teeth gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush C.
Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace at all times D.
Stop taking this medication if you develop a rash or fever E.
Have your blood levels checked regularly as directed by your provider
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
Living arrangements and social support.
This is because living arrangements and social support are some of the environmental factors that can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults.Psychosocial changes refer to the changes in mental and emotional well-being, social relationships, and roles that occur as people age.Environmental factors are the external conditions or circumstances that affect a person’s life.
Choice A is wrong because physical health and functional status are not environmental factors, but rather biological factors that affect the aging process.Physical health and functional status can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults, but they are not part of the environment.
Choice B is wrong because cognitive conditions and memory loss are also not environmental factors, but rather neurological factors that affect the brain function of older adults.Cognitive conditions and memory loss can also influence the psychosocial changes in older adults, but they are not part of the environment.
Choice D is wrong because hormonal changes and sensory impairments are also not environmental factors, but rather physiological factors that affect the body function of older adults.Hormonal changes and sensory impairments can also influence the psychosocial changes in older adults, but they are not part of the environment.
Living arrangements and social support are environmental factors because they depend on the availability, accessibility, and quality of housing, transportation, community services, family networks, and social interactions that older adults have in their surroundings.Living arrangements and social support can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults by affecting their sense of independence, identity, belonging, security, and satisfaction.
Therefore, living arrangements and social support are some of the environmental factors that can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Intention tremors and nystagmus.These are some of the common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), a condition that affects the central nervous system and causes communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.Intention tremors are involuntary shaking movements that occur when a person tries to perform a precise action, such as reaching for an object or writing.Nystagmus is a condition where the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, often resulting in reduced vision and depth perception.
Choice A is wrong because muscle atrophy and fasciculations are more typical of motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affect the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movements.
Choice C is wrong because flaccid paralysis and areflexia are signs of lower motor neuron lesions, which can be caused by spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve disorders, or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Choice D is wrong because hyperactive reflexes and spasticity are signs of upper motor neuron lesions, which can be caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury, or cerebral palsy.
Normal ranges for some of the symptoms mentioned are:.
• Intention tremors: none or minimal.
• Nystagmus: none or minimal.
• Muscle atrophy: none or minimal.
• Fasciculations: none or minimal.
• Flaccid paralysis: none or minimal.
• Areflexia: absent or reduced reflexes.
• Hyperactive reflexes: normal or slightly increased reflexes.
• Spasticity: normal or slightly increased muscle tone.
A. Muscle atrophy and fasciculations B.
Intention tremors and nystagmus C.
Flaccid paralysis and areflexia D.
Hyperactive reflexes and spasticity
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