A nurse is providing education to a group of clients with HIV infection about the goals of antiretroviral therapy (ART) Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply:.
"ART aims to reduce viral load to undetectable levels.”
"The primary goal of ART is to prevent opportunistic infections and cancers.”
"ART can cure HIV infection and eliminate the virus from the body.”
"Improvement in CD4 count is not a significant goal of ART.”
"ART can reduce the risk of transmission to others.”
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
Choice A rationale:
ART aims to reduce viral load to undetectable levels. When the viral load is undetectable, the risk of disease progression and transmission to others is significantly reduced.
Choice B rationale:
The primary goal of ART is to prevent opportunistic infections and cancers. By suppressing viral replication and boosting the immune system (measured by CD4 count improvement), ART helps prevent these severe complications of HIV infection.
Choice D rationale:
Improvement in CD4 count is a significant goal of ART. CD4 count reflects the health of the immune system, and increasing it is essential for better immune function and reducing the risk of opportunistic infections.
Choice E rationale:
ART can reduce the risk of transmission to others. When viral load is undetectable, the risk of transmitting HIV to sexual partners or through shared needles is greatly reduced.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Sharing injection equipment can transmit HIV, but it is not the main route of transmission. This mode of transmission is more associated with other blood-borne infections like Hepatitis B and C.
Choice B rationale:
Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding can transmit HIV, but it is not the main route of transmission in the general population.
Choice C rationale:
Unprotected sexual intercourse is the main route for HIV transmission in the general population. Sexual contact with an infected person without using barrier methods like condoms can facilitate the spread of the virus.
Choice D rationale:
Occupational exposure to infected blood is a potential mode of transmission for healthcare workers, but it is not the main route of transmission for the general population.
Choice E rationale:
Blood transfusion from an infected donor was a significant mode of HIV transmission in the past, but extensive screening of blood donations has made this mode of transmission extremely rare.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This statement is correct. HIV-1 is more prevalent in West Africa and has a slower progression to AIDS compared to HIV-2.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is incorrect. HIV-2 is actually less virulent than HIV-1, and it is more commonly found in West Africa and certain parts of Asia.
Choice C rationale:
HIV-1 is divided into four groups (M, N, O, and P), each having several subtypes. HIV-2, on the other hand, is divided into nine subtypes (A to I)
Choice D rationale:
This statement is incorrect. The most common HIV-1 subtype worldwide is group M, specifically subtype C, which is predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. The most common subtype in the US is subtype
B.
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