A nurse is providing education to a group of clients with HIV infection about the goals of antiretroviral therapy (ART) Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply:.
"ART aims to reduce viral load to undetectable levels.”
"The primary goal of ART is to prevent opportunistic infections and cancers.”
"ART can cure HIV infection and eliminate the virus from the body.”
"Improvement in CD4 count is not a significant goal of ART.”
"ART can reduce the risk of transmission to others.”
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
Choice A rationale:
ART aims to reduce viral load to undetectable levels. When the viral load is undetectable, the risk of disease progression and transmission to others is significantly reduced.
Choice B rationale:
The primary goal of ART is to prevent opportunistic infections and cancers. By suppressing viral replication and boosting the immune system (measured by CD4 count improvement), ART helps prevent these severe complications of HIV infection.
Choice D rationale:
Improvement in CD4 count is a significant goal of ART. CD4 count reflects the health of the immune system, and increasing it is essential for better immune function and reducing the risk of opportunistic infections.
Choice E rationale:
ART can reduce the risk of transmission to others. When viral load is undetectable, the risk of transmitting HIV to sexual partners or through shared needles is greatly reduced.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Abstinence from drug use is an ideal approach, but it may not be practical for individuals struggling with addiction. Harm reduction strategies aim to reduce the negative consequences of drug use while acknowledging that complete abstinence may not be immediately achievable for everyone.
Choice B rationale:
Needle exchange programs are effective harm reduction strategies for individuals who inject drugs. These programs provide clean needles and syringes, reducing the risk of HIV transmission through contaminated needles.
Choice C rationale:
Condom use during sexual intercourse is important for preventing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, this choice specifically asks about harm reduction strategies for individuals who inject drugs.
Choice D rationale:
Laws and policies to reduce stigma are essential for promoting understanding and compassion towards individuals living with HIV. However, this choice does not directly address harm reduction strategies for drug injection.
Choice E rationale:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for sexual partners can be effective in preventing HIV transmission, but it is not directly related to harm reduction for individuals who inject drugs. PrEP is a preventive measure for those at risk of contracting HIV through sexual activity.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This statement is correct. Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, lungs, or esophagus is one of the opportunistic infections associated with advanced HIV disease and AIDS.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is correct. Kaposi's sarcoma is another opportunistic infection commonly associated with AIDS.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is correct. Encephalopathy, HIV-related, is an opportunistic infection that can define AIDS.
Choice D rationale:
This statement is incorrect. Antiretroviral therapy is a lifelong treatment for HIV infection, and its discontinuation should not be based solely on the CD4 count falling below 200 cells/uL. The client needs further education on the importance of continuous treatment to manage HIV effectively and prevent opportunistic infections.
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