Which of the following statements about HIV is accurate?
"HIV is an acute infection that resolves without treatment.”
"ART is a curative treatment for HIV.”
"HIV testing is unnecessary if there are no visible symptoms.”
"HIV is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids.”
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
This statement is inaccurate. HIV is not an acute infection that resolves without treatment. It is a chronic condition that persists in the body, and without treatment, it can progress to AIDS, which can be life-threatening.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is also inaccurate. While Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is highly effective in controlling HIV and improving the quality of life for people living with the virus, it is not a curative treatment. HIV remains in the body, and stopping ART can lead to viral rebound.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is incorrect. HIV testing is essential, even in the absence of visible symptoms. Many individuals with HIV may not show any symptoms for years, but early detection through testing allows for timely intervention and better disease management.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct statement. HIV is primarily transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of contaminated needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Prevention of opportunistic infections.
Choice B rationale:
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a standard treatment for patients with HIV. The primary goal of ART is to suppress viral replication, leading to increased CD4 cell count and improved immune function. As a result, patients on ART experience a reduced risk of developing opportunistic infections.
Choice A rationale:
An increase in viral replication is not an expected outcome of antiretroviral therapy. The goal of ART is to suppress viral replication and reduce the viral load in the patient's body.
Choice C rationale:
While antiretroviral therapy can lead to behavioral changes that may reduce risky behaviors, it is not the primary outcome or purpose of this treatment. The main focus is on viral suppression and immune restoration.
Choice D rationale:
Antiretroviral therapy does not directly promote human rights protection. However, access to appropriate medical care, including ART, is considered a human right for individuals with HIV/AIDS.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Male circumcision reduces HIV acquisition risk by ~60% in heterosexual men due to removal of foreskin mucosa, which is highly susceptible to viral entry.
Choice B rationale: PEP is initiated after potential HIV exposure, ideally within 72 hours, to block viral replication and prevent seroconversion.
Choice C rationale: ART suppresses viral replication, reducing viral load and transmission risk; it does not increase replication.
Choice D rationale: PrEP is taken before exposure by HIV-negative individuals to prevent infection; it is not a post-exposure intervention
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