A nurse is providing instruction to a client about diagnostic tests during their first prenatal visit at 12 weeks of gestation.
Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse include in the teaching?
Group B streptococcus (GBS).
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Chorionic villus sampling.
Cervical cone biopsy.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening is typically performed much later in pregnancy, usually between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation. This screening is crucial for identifying carriers and administering prophylactic antibiotics during labor to prevent vertical transmission to the newborn, which can cause severe infections like sepsis or meningitis.
Choice B rationale
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening is a standard diagnostic test offered to all pregnant clients during their first prenatal visit, typically around 12 weeks of gestation. Early detection allows for timely interventions, such as antiretroviral therapy, to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission and improve maternal health outcomes.
Choice C rationale
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is an invasive diagnostic procedure performed earlier in pregnancy, usually between 10 and 13 weeks of gestation, but it is not a routine screening test. It is typically offered to clients at high risk for genetic disorders due to family history, advanced maternal age, or abnormal prenatal screening results.
Choice D rationale
Cervical cone biopsy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix, typically to evaluate or treat abnormal cervical cells. It is not a routine diagnostic test during a normal prenatal visit and is usually performed prior to pregnancy or if there are specific gynecological concerns.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["8"]
Explanation
Step 1 is to convert grams to milligrams. 2 g × (1000 mg ÷ 1 g) = 2000 mg.
Step 2 is to divide the total milligrams needed by the milligrams per tablet. 2000 mg ÷ 250 mg = 8 tablets. The nurse should administer 8 tablets.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Temperature instability, particularly hypothermia, is a significant indicator of neonatal hypoglycemia. Glucose is the primary metabolic fuel for thermogenesis, and its deficiency impairs the infant's ability to maintain core body temperature. The normal newborn temperature range is typically 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F).
Choice B rationale
Acrocyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the hands and feet, is a common and usually benign finding in newborns, especially in the first 24-48 hours, due to immature peripheral circulation. It does not directly indicate hypoglycemia; rather, it reflects normal physiological adaptation to extrauterine life.
Choice C rationale
Jitteriness, or tremors, is a classic neurological sign of hypoglycemia in newborns. The central nervous system is highly dependent on glucose for energy, and insufficient glucose supply can lead to neuronal excitability and involuntary muscle movements. This is often an early and prominent symptom.
Choice D rationale
Hypotonia, characterized by decreased muscle tone and floppiness, can be a symptom of severe or prolonged hypoglycemia. Glucose is essential for proper neuromuscular function, and its deprivation can impair nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction, leading to reduced muscle resistance to passive movement.
Choice E rationale
Abdominal distention is typically associated with gastrointestinal issues such as feeding intolerance, bowel obstruction, or necrotizing enterocolitis. It is not a direct or common manifestation of hypoglycemia in newborns. Hypoglycemia primarily affects metabolic and neurological systems.
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