A hospice nurse is reinforcing teaching to a parent about how age affects how their child experiences a terminal illness. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

"Adolescents may feel responsible for the illness."

"Adolescents may feel frustrated for being dependent on others."

"Children 3 to 5 years old are too young to understand the difference between life and death."

"Children around 5 or 6 years old may try to be brave and shield loved ones from distress."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Adolescents may feel responsible for the illness." While younger children may engage in magical thinking and believe they caused their illness, adolescents typically have a more developed understanding of disease processes and are less likely to blame themselves.

B. "Adolescents may feel frustrated for being dependent on others." Adolescents value independence and autonomy, so a terminal illness that forces them to rely on caregivers can lead to frustration, anger, and emotional distress. This struggle with dependency is a common psychosocial challenge in adolescent patients.

C. "Children 3 to 5 years old are too young to understand the difference between life and death." Preschool-aged children may not fully grasp the permanence of death, but they do have some awareness of it. They often see death as temporary or reversible, influenced by their limited cognitive development and exposure to media or stories.

D. "Children around 5 or 6 years old may try to be brave and shield loved ones from distress." While school-aged children may begin to understand the finality of death, the tendency to "be brave" and protect loved ones is more common in older children and adolescents, who have a stronger sense of emotional responsibility.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Mood changes. While mood changes can occur due to various health conditions, they are not a direct indicator of a bleeding disorder. Bleeding disorders typically present with physical symptoms like easy bruising or joint swelling.

B. Swollen knees. Joint swelling (hemarthrosis) is a key sign of bleeding disorders such as hemophilia. In children with a bleeding disorder, even minor trauma can cause bleeding into the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in weight-bearing joints like the knees and ankles.

C. Frequent falls. While frequent falls may result in bruising, they are not a direct indicator of a bleeding disorder. However, children with a bleeding disorder may bruise excessively or experience prolonged bleeding after minor falls.

D. Dental caries. Dental caries (tooth decay) is not a symptom of a bleeding disorder but rather results from poor oral hygiene, dietary factors, or bacterial infection. Bleeding disorders may cause prolonged bleeding after dental procedures, but they do not directly cause cavities.

A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected." B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to child through the mitochondrial DNA.” D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of Inheriting the condition."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected.” Fragile X syndrome is not autosomal recessive; it is X-linked dominant, meaning it is associated with mutations in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to express the condition.

B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." This is incorrect because not all sons will necessarily inherit the condition, and daughters can also be affected, though they often have milder symptoms due to having two X chromosomes.

C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to the child through mitochondrial DNA.” Mitochondrial inheritance involves genes from the mother’s mitochondria, but fragile X syndrome is not inherited this way—it is an X-linked disorder passed down through the X chromosome.

D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.” This is correct. Fragile X syndrome is X-linked dominant, and a parent who carries the full mutation has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. Males typically have more severe symptoms than females due to having only one X chromosome.

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A hospice nurse is reinforcing teaching to a parent about how age affects how their child experiences a terminal illness. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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