A nurse is reinforcing education to a caregiver of a pediatric client about disease prevention related to thermal injuries. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"Lack of supervision is a big risk factor for burns children."

“Microwaved food should sit for 30 seconds before giving to the child."

"Young children should be kept indoors at all times to prevent sunburns,"

"The water heater should be set at 130 degrees Fahrenheit or less."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Lack of supervision is a big risk factor for burns in children." This is correct. Young children are naturally curious and have limited awareness of danger, making them more prone to thermal injuries. Inadequate supervision increases the risk of burns from hot liquids, open flames, electrical sources, and heated objects.

B. "Microwaved food should sit for 30 seconds before giving to the child." While allowing food to cool is helpful, 30 seconds may not be enough time to reduce the risk of burns. Additionally, caregivers should stir microwaved food thoroughly to distribute heat evenly and test the temperature before feeding the child.

C. "Young children should be kept indoors at all times to prevent sunburns." This is unrealistic and unnecessary. Instead, caregivers should use protective measures such as sunscreen, hats, protective clothing, and shade to prevent sunburn while allowing outdoor activities.

D. "The water heater should be set at 130 degrees Fahrenheit or less." This is incorrect. The recommended maximum water heater temperature is 120°F (49°C) to prevent scald burns. Water at 130°F can cause serious burns within seconds, making it too high for safety.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously, or just underneath the skin. The pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) is given intramuscularly (IM), not subcutaneously. The preferred injection sites are the anterolateral thigh (for infants) or the deltoid muscle (for older children).

B. The first dose of the vaccine is administered at 2 months of age. This is correct. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is routinely given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15 months of age to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

C. The vaccine is contraindicated in individuals who are allergic to gelatin. This is incorrect. The pneumococcal vaccine is not formulated with gelatin. Gelatin allergies are more relevant for vaccines like MMR and varicella. However, PCV13 should not be given to those with severe allergic reactions to any previous dose of the vaccine.

D. The vaccine is given in a series of six doses spread throughout the first 5 years of life. The PCV13 vaccine is given in a series of four doses, not six. While some high-risk children may require additional doses of PPSV23 (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine), the routine childhood schedule consists of four doses.

A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected." B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to child through the mitochondrial DNA.” D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of Inheriting the condition."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. “Fragile X syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern, so both genetic parents must carry the gene mutation for a child to be affected.” Fragile X syndrome is not autosomal recessive; it is X-linked dominant, meaning it is associated with mutations in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to express the condition.

B. "Since your child has fragile X syndrome, all of your future sons will also have the condition, but your daughters will not be affected." This is incorrect because not all sons will necessarily inherit the condition, and daughters can also be affected, though they often have milder symptoms due to having two X chromosomes.

C. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern which means it is passed from the pregnant individual to the child through mitochondrial DNA.” Mitochondrial inheritance involves genes from the mother’s mitochondria, but fragile X syndrome is not inherited this way—it is an X-linked disorder passed down through the X chromosome.

D. “Fragile X syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern, which means that if a pregnant client carries the gene mutation, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.” This is correct. Fragile X syndrome is X-linked dominant, and a parent who carries the full mutation has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. Males typically have more severe symptoms than females due to having only one X chromosome.

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A nurse is reinforcing education to a caregiver of a pediatric client about disease prevention related to thermal injuries. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent about the pneumococcal vaccine. Which of the following should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing education about the inheritance patterns of fragile X syndrome to a couple who have a family history of the disorder. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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