A nurse is reinforcing teaching about Russell's traction with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"Russell's traction uses a sling under the knee to treat a fracture of the femur."

"Russell's traction uses a cervical halter to decrease cervical muscle spasms."

"Russell's traction uses a pelvic girdle belt to decrease lower back pain."

"Russell's traction uses skeletal pins to stabilize the fracture."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Russell's traction involves the use of a sling under the knee to apply a pulling force on the femur. This helps in aligning and stabilizing the fractured femur, allowing for proper healing. The sling supports the leg, while weights provide the necessary traction force.

Choice B reason: A cervical halter is used in cervical traction to relieve muscle spasms and align the cervical spine, not in Russell's traction. This type of traction is not related to treating femur fractures.

Choice C reason: A pelvic girdle belt is used in pelvic traction to relieve lower back pain and stabilize pelvic fractures, not in Russell's traction. Russell's traction specifically pertains to femur fractures.

Choice D reason: Skeletal pins are used in skeletal traction, where pins are inserted into the bone to apply direct traction. Russell's traction, however, does not use skeletal pins; it uses a sling and weights to apply traction.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: An apical pulse rate different than the radial pulse rate is known as a pulse deficit, which can indicate atrial fibrillation or other cardiac arrhythmias, but it is not related to paradoxical blood pressure or constrictive pericarditis.

Choice B reason: An increase in heart rate by 20% when standing is indicative of orthostatic hypotension, not paradoxical blood pressure. This condition involves a drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to a compensatory increase in heart rate.

Choice C reason: A drop in systolic BP by 20 mm Hg when moving from a lying to a sitting position is another indicator of orthostatic hypotension, not paradoxical blood pressure.

Choice D reason: The correct answer is d because a drop in systolic BP of more than 10 mm Hg on inspiration, known as pulsus paradoxus, is a characteristic finding in constrictive pericarditis. This occurs due to the impaired filling of the heart during inspiration, leading to a significant drop in systolic blood pressure.

A. A client who has uncontrolled hypertension B. A client who has chronic atrial fibrillation C. A client who has thrombocytopenia D. A client who has an arteriovenous malformation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Uncontrolled hypertension is a significant risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke rather than ischemic embolic stroke. Hypertension can lead to the rupture of blood vessels in the brain, causing bleeding.

Choice B reason: The correct answer is b because chronic atrial fibrillation increases the risk of embolic stroke. In atrial fibrillation, the irregular heartbeat can lead to the formation of blood clots in the atria. These clots can travel to the brain and cause an ischemic stroke by blocking blood flow.

Choice C reason: Thrombocytopenia, characterized by low platelet count, primarily affects clotting and bleeding tendencies rather than directly increasing the risk of embolic stroke. It can, however, complicate the management of stroke due to bleeding risks.

Choice D reason: An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a tangle of abnormal blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the brain. While AVMs can increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, they are not typically associated with ischemic embolic stroke.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about Russell's traction with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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