A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the purpose of the HbA1c test with an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the adolescent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"This test checks for ketones in my urine."
"This test measures the amount of hemoglobin in my blood."
"This test tells me how much oxygen my body is carrying."
"This test checks my blood sugar over the last few months.”
The Correct Answer is D
A. The HbA1c test does not check for ketones in urine. Ketone testing is separate and used to assess for diabetic ketoacidosis or inadequate insulin use, not for monitoring long-term blood glucose control.
B. While the HbA1c test involves hemoglobin, it does not measure the total amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Instead, it reflects the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it over a period of time.
C. The HbA1c test does not measure oxygen levels in the blood. It specifically measures the average blood glucose level over a 2-3 month period by assessing the percentage of glucose-bound hemoglobin.
D. The HbA1c test provides an indication of long-term blood glucose control, reflecting the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. It is a crucial tool for managing diabetes and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment plans.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Chocolate malt typically contains malted barley, which contains gluten. This would not be appropriate for a child with celiac disease, as gluten can trigger an immune response and cause damage to the small intestine.
B. Rice is a gluten-free grain, making rice pudding a safe food choice for children with celiac disease. The parent demonstrates understanding of appropriate gluten-free foods.
C. Rye bread contains gluten, which is harmful to individuals with celiac disease. Rye is not a suitable option for this child.
D. Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in children with celiac disease. Barley-based breakfast cereals would not be safe for the child.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The rooting reflex should be present at 1 month of age, not absent. This reflex is triggered when the infant’s cheek is stroked, prompting the baby to turn their head toward the stimulus and open their mouth.
B. A respiratory rate of 64/min is within the expected range for a 1-month-old infant, whose normal respiratory rate is typically between 30–60 breaths per minute.
C. Head lag is normal at 1 month of age when the infant's head is lifted while they are in a sitting position. However, by 4 months of age, the infant should have more head control and reduced head lag.
D. Yellow sclera indicates jaundice, which is common in newborns but should be assessed if present at 1 month to ensure it resolves. By this time, any jaundice should be resolving or gone.
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